EK Essentials

Something very essential in this model of description of Reality...

This model, that we call Evolutionary Knowledge because of the centrality of the concept of evolution in this approach, aims to give a new vision of Reality and the Universe. Many new proposals and unconventional hypothesis are made to try to explain some of the fundamental unsolved mysteries in physics and cosmology.

We can see them as key points, qualifying elements, the leading arguments on which, more than others, we must evaluate the capacity of this model to explain, to describe what we observe of Reality and the Universe.

Reality

What is

• We need new concepts of Reality and Realism

There are many reasons that lead us to seek a new concept of Reality. Among others, the tension between GR (General Relativity) and QM (Quantum Mechanics) about realism. This tension imposes to reconsider that concept and what we intent for Reality. Reality, Realism and the Principle of Reality are not what GR say us and the same for QM. On one hand, Reality is not deterministic, or at least not completely deterministic.
On the other, the renunciation to realism (non locality, a weird kind of causality, etc.), that almost all interpretations of QM give us, stems from a limited vision and some erroneous assumptions at the very fundament of QM.

• Reality and the Universe “does not exist” in a conventional sense, the whole Reality “happens”

The whole Reality, the Universe in evolution, everything that we consider as existent, is made "by" entities, but in not made "of" entities. Everything is made of events and relations between them. More precisely, we must say that everything is made of processes (an evolving mix of stochastic and deterministic processes): Entities (Agents / Forces and Acted / Fields) manifesting themselves producing Events organized by Relations forming Processes.
So, we must say that Reality don't exists in a common sense. It incessantly happens, creating and evolving itself. In short, in the Evolutionary Knowledge System, Reality is considered as the creative and evolutive process (Process) by which what exists (Entities) produce what happens (Events) in the way it happens (Relations).

Origin and formation: Creation "and" Evolution"

• A Reality without a beginning and without end: no limits at all

In this model of description of Nature, Reality is considered as an infinite and eternal process of formation / complexification / structuration of the Primary Source and has no limits in its three Dimensions / Dimensionalities: Cause / Causality, Space / Spatiality, Time / Temporality.

Time, as Space, must be considered as an emerging phenomenon internal to Reality. It is function of the distribution of the Elementary Events. Time is part of the Formation. So Reality is "without time". No beginning, no end.

• The whole Reality is incessantly empowered by a Source (a Force / Field couple) of Events / Action

We live such a dynamic, ever-changing Reality, in a Universe in constant evolution, with extremely energetic phenomena, which affect immense structures of the cosmos, as well as the infinitesimal particles of matter, in continuous movement and interaction. The forces and fields that incessantly produce this immense dynamism are infinite. Infinite action that forms and construct a multiform Reality, which, in a succession of events, is expressed on ever more complex and articulated levels. How can we think that all these infinite forces in action in the Universe are olny the dynamic inheritance of a remote instant at the dawn of the world, the relics of a single instant, of a single energetic fluctuation, of an immense explosion not yet finished after billions of years?

It seems so impossibile that the Universe goes on in evolving every today and tomorrow, pushed on by the remnant of that original amount of energy. It seems more "realistic", acceptable, plausible, that the incessant formation of Reality is incessantly empowered by a Source of Action, able to produce all the Elementary Events, that forms that Elementary Action, which is the fundamental "substance" by which Reality and the Universe in evolution are incessantly formed. We call that source, the Primary Source, the couple formed by two inseparable aspects, active and passive respectively, represented by the Fundamental Force and the Elementary Field, whose inner interaction produces the incessant creative flux of Elementary Events.

• Creation (or) and Evolution: the two sides of Formation

The debate through Creation and Evolution, in my opinion is a non sense. They are the two fundamental sub-process that realize the Process of Formation of Reality. Creation is the sub-process that produces the Elementary Events, the most elementary form of Existence, the fundamental "substance", the causal bricks of Reality. Evolution is the sub-process that produces the organization of the Relations among the Elementary Events in the more and more Complex Events (sets/nets of events), that compose the Essence / Form of the Universe in evolution.

• The main causal chain of Reality: Force - Action - Information - Form

Causality is one of the two fundamental Dimensionalities of Reality. The other being Variationality (Spatiality and Temporality). Causality is relative to the expression of Agents / Forces, while Variationality to the expresssion of Acted / Fields. They represent the two ways of expression of the Sources.

The evolution of Causality toward complexity is the central pillar of the Process of Formation of Reality. From the Force (the active side of the Source) to the Form, through Action and Information, the products of the two formative sub-processes: Creation and Evolution. They respectively represent Existence and Essence / Form. So, this fundamental causal chain, from the Force (the fundamental causal operator), leads to the Forms, which compose the whole Reality, the Universe in evolution.

• From level to level: the evolution toward complexity. The nested multilevel structure of Reality

Reality is a whole, a unity, the Universe in evolution. Only for descriptive purposes is very useful to represent it as a multilevel structure, where successive layers of Reality, successive nested levels go from the most elementary (where the Primary Source produces the Elementary Events, the Elementary Action, the "substance" by which all the Reality in constructured, to the most complex that comprehend the cosmic structures, the living beings and all their cognitive expressions, the Universe as a whole.

Always keeping in mind that fundamental unity, we can imagine the various levels of Reality as separate worlds, with different principles, laws, dynamics, etc., different expressions, declination, fundamental principles, laws, dynamics that describe the whole Reality. This abstraction can help us to face more easily the immense complexity of Reality, it can help us to develop better systems of formalization, allowing us to treat high-level structures as macro processes, without necessarily having to describe them in terms of more elementary level structures.

An example... Think of you walking in a street... Hyper simplifying the structure of Reality, for simplicity, reducing the number of levels involved in the existence of that situation...

• Going from complexity to the more elementary levels, at the top there is the entire Universe, the Cosmos and all its structures (including Dark Matter and Dark Energy) influencing everything in the part of the Universe where we life, influencing you, your structure, your dynamics. This is the realm of General Relativity.
• Then, leaving out the cognitive dimension of Reality, concentrating only on the physical side, we must consider the level in which the laws of classical physics govern the motion of your body, the motion and the functioning of the moving parts within your body, your heart, your lungs, your blood, the other solids. liquids and gasses inside you.
• Then we must consider the molecular biochemical and chemical level, with all the reactions that sustain the life of your body.
• Then the atomic level, where the electron interact to perform the chemical reactions. This is also the level in which all the electromagnetic radiation, all the energetic exchange happens inside and outside your body.
• And more, we must consider the nuclei of atoms, their dynamics, everything that gives physical stability to the mass we are composed by. These are the levels where the quantum manifests with all its power and weirdness, the realm of Quantum Mechanics, the domain of quantum information and the relative structures, particles and waves and their strange interactions.
• But we are not at the end of our journey. In facts, there is some more level to explore. They separate us from the most elementary level, where Reality is incessantly formed, where the substrate of the whole Reality, the Elementary Events, that compose the Elementary Action, are incessantly created and participate to the evolution of the Universe.
• Then, we will find the level of the subatomic particles that compose the atoms of the ordinary/baryonic matter, particles (the quarks and gluons, and the other bosons) that stand side by side with electrons and neutrinos in the three "generation" in Standard Model of Particles. All these particles, in this model are considered and named as Structures of Information (waves, vortices and interactions).
• This is the level of Information / Energy, where the three evolutive operators, organization, transformation and selection incessantly act toward the formation and the conservation of those Structures.
• And, digging more in deep, we will find the level of Action, (the Derived) Forces and Fields interact to produce the (Derived) Events from whom organization the Structures form and, in turn, interact and organize to produce atom, molecules, etc. and all the high level, higher complexity structures and forms that compose the Universe in Evolution.
• Then, for many orders of magnitude till the Planck Scale we will see signs of an energetic dynamic "turbulence", that in standard physics is represented by virtual particles, popping up and down in the quantum vacuum, appearing and suddenly disappearing. This is the product of the Action of the Derived Forces on the Derived Fields, creating Events that try to organize in Structures, that evolutively can't reach a state of causal permanence. It is an infinite "ocean" of Derived Action that tries to become more or less stable Information (Energy), the incessant fluctuations of the quantum vacuum.
• One more step lead us to the Planck Scale, where the Fundamental Entities, expressions of the Primary Source, the Fundamental Force and the Elementary Field, incessantly interActing "create" the Elementary Events", the Elementary Action, the most elementary "substance", the causal and variational (spatial and temporal) substrate from whom the whole Reality "evolve". From the first organization of that "substance", of the Elementary Events, space and time emerge and evolve toward the present vast complexity of the world.

Sources, Forces and Fields

• Everything is relative but the Primary Source (Fundamental Force and Elementary Field)

The whole Reality is an infinite and eternal Process of Events. The incessant Creation (that forms Existence) and the Evolution (that forms Essence / Form) of Reality are based on Events and Relations that organize them in Processes. Events are mutations, variations of the state, of the form of “something”. Because Events need a cause, need to be in space (a transformation of a state in a space - here and there) and need to be in time (a change in zero time is an identity, it can’t be considered a transformation, a change in the form of “something”), we can say that all the basic aspects of Reality are intrinsically relative, and find their fundamental existence in relations among Events. We need to extend the principle of relativity to all the very fundaments of Reality, to the same concepts of Existence and Essence / Form.

Going up in the causal chains, up to the Source where the causal principle, expression of the Force, meets the variational principle, expression of the Field, where the same space and time emerge from the relations between the Elementary Events, produced by the internal interaction between the Fundamental Force and the Elementary Field, everything is relative. Only the Source of Elementary Events, the Source of Existence, the Primary Source, has an absolute dimension, is absolute. Only in the fundamental expression of the Source, that determines the state transition from nothingness, non-existence, to Existence, we can find an absolute, immutable, fixed, universal dimension that transcends cause, space and time.

• Different kinds of forces/fields: a matter of complexity

All the forces and fields that we see in action in the world, both in the microcosm and in the macro, are different views, different aspects/expressions, manifestations of a couple of more fundamental entities. Forces and Fields, as everything in the Nature, are subjects of Evolution. They are evolved from a more fundamental level of Reality, deriving from something more elementary. When we talk of gravity, we identify a gravitational force and a gravitational field. Then thinking to the electric phenomena, we have to deal with the electric force and the relative field, and more, as in the case the magnetic phenomena, again a magnetic force and its relative field. So different in their manifestation, in the phenomena we observe

Dimensions: Cause, Space and Time

• Three are the dimensions of Reality: cause, space and time

Cause is the former dimension of Reality. It attains with the expression of the Action of the Force on the Field, the two components of a Source. Space can be seen as formed by three dimensions, or directions. The three "directions" of the spatial dimension can be combined with Time, the temporal dimension, to form the four dimensional space-time continuum.

• Space and Time are not entities, they are phenomena, they happen

Space and Time are not entities, things "a priori", absolute or relative, however you want to imagine them. They are phenomena. They happen, are made of events, Elementary Events, Elementary Action. If the Source of Reality, that incessantly produces those Events, should stop its causal creative action, immediately Space and Time will disappear, together with Reality itself and the whole Universe in evolution. And no conscious being would notice it, because nothing could exist without those Events, no beings, no consciousness.

• Time-reversal symmetry and the arrow of time

Quantum mechanics predicts full time-reversal symmetry, which seems to collide with the universal manifestation of an arrow of time. Many attempts have been made to find a way to naturally bring out a break in this temporal symmetry in favor of an arrow of time.

In this model of description of Reality, time-reversal symmetry and the arrow of time are considered two aspects of the same property/phenomenon. As any other aspect of Reality, they are subject to evolution. So, in the very elementary levels of Reality, where space and time are incessantly forming, we can admit a (limited) symmetry. The more extensive a system, the more complex it is (the greater the number of events and relationships that organize them), and the lower the possibility of time inversion. The arrow of time, like everything else, is the product of evolution of Reality.

Microcosm - Physics

Action

• Forces and Fields represent inseparable couples: they are the two complementary aspects of each Source

FF/EF to Derived Forces/Derived Fields... Examples: Gravitational Force/Field, E. an M. F/F...

• From Events to Action

• The Fundamental Principles of Action: Uncertainty, Action and Reaction, Least Action

• The speed of light is a limit, not a constant

"Speed of light in vacuum" is the common expression we use for the more correct: "upper limit for the speed at which conventional matter and information can travel in vacuum". In an even more correct form, we must say: "upper limit for the speed at which Information can travel in the Elementary Field", because "matter" is always Information (or better, structured Information, Structures of Information) and "vacuum" is a (more or less extended local) state of the Elementary Field. We should also discuss the meaning of vacuum further, because this term in conventional scientific language is too vague.

Absence of matter is not sufficient to precisely define the state of the Elementary Field. We must consider various different kinds of structures, that are not those that compose the ordinary matter. The structures that can modify the speed of propagation of Information in the structured Field are gravitational waves, dark matter and dark energy. So, this speed limit must be expressed with reference to the "unstructured Elementary Field", state that we call "absolute vacuum".

This speed can change in space and time. Its "local" (a point in space) "instantaneous" (an instant in time) value depends on the first component of Action, that we call Perturbation. In each point of space-time, Perturbation is function of the correlation in the distributions of the intensities of the basic fluctuations of the Elementary Field under the action of the Fundamental Force, in the inner interaction between the two aspects of the Primary Source).

The amount of Perturbation in a point in space depends on the presence and motion of Structures of Information in that point. For example, in a point located in a galactic dark matter halo with no null mass density Information can't travel at the absolute vacuum speed limit.

Due to the progressive complexification, the structuration of the cosmos produced by the incessant formation of Reality, we aspect that the absolute vacuum speed limit slightly diminish in time.

• The general principle of equivalence: some notable correspondences

This notable and, in some way, unbelievable correspondences show the equivalenze between the four basic "Modes of the Elementary Action" and some of the most important physical quantities (for example, in this model, Perturbation, mass, the curvature of space-time, the speed of light, the temperature of space-time are different aspects of the same phenomenon. They are absolutely equivalent physical quantities.

To Perturbation (function of the correlation in the distributions of the intensities of the basic fluctuations of the Elementary Field), correspond mass (both positive mass - that produces attraction, as that of barionic or ordinary matter and dark matter - and negative mass - that produces repulsion, as dark energy), the curvature of space-time, the speed of light (the limit of the velocity of propagation of information in the "vacuum"), the temperature of space-time, or better, of the Elementary Fields.

To Translation correspond Motion and acceleration (variation of the motion, of the speed, till the limit of the velovity of propagation of Information in the Elementary Field).

To Rotation/Chirality corresponds the Electric Charge.

To Rotation/Axis orientation corresponds the Magnetic Spin.

• The fundamental physical phenomena can be described by the combination of the four Modes of Action

Motion in a gravitational field of a massive uncharged piece of matter can be described by the combination of Perturbation, that is the root of Mass, and Translation, that is the root of Motion. In the massive object is a charges particle like and electron, to Perturbation and Translation we must add Rotation/Chirality, that is the root of Electric Charge, and Rotation/Axis Orientation, that is the root of the Magnetic Spin.

Another example. Motion, in a flat space-time, of a photon, a wave/particle object without mass, that represents a quantum of light, can be described by a combination of Rotation/Chirality (Charge), Rotation/Axis Orientation (Spin) and Translation (Motion). But, if the motion of the photon occurs in a curved space-time (where massive structures are present), to Rot/Ch, Rot/AxOr and Traslation, we must add Perturbation (Mass), to take accout of the gravitational effects of the curvature on the motion of the photon (deviation from a straight line, for a curved line, a geodesic).

Information / Energy

• From Action to Information / Energy

Uncertainty and indetermination are about the relation between Information, and its most elementary physical form that we call Energy, and Time.

• Energy is an elementary form of Information (or Information is a complex form of energy)

• From the Modes of Elementary Action to the basic physical quantities / phenomema

Quantities (forces, fields, action, energy, information, structures, particles/waves) --> Phenomema: Mass and the gravitational phenomena, Motion and the cinematic phenomena, Charge and the electric phenomena, Spin and the magnetic phenomena.

• Mass, motion, charge and spin: the key is (cor)relation, organization, information

• The measurement problem: the weirdness of the quantum world

Structures of Information: Matter Particles and/or Waves

• Matter is not fundamental, or, better, is not so fundamental...

• Radiation and particles are not the main part of what exists (or rather, “happens”) in Nature

• The “inconstancy” of natural constants and an amazing equivalence

• The shape of particles and atoms is different from what we think

Different and ever changing

• Where is the electron? No point particles. No “solid”, unchangeable particles

• Evolution at work in colliders

Evolution is everywhere. Even in the strangest places in the Universe. Even in the focus of a collider, where the beams head-on collide producing powerful bursts of energy and matter that reach the detectors. There, in those energetic events, matter and energy undergo extraordinary transmutations. Everything can turn into something else, in a mix of casuality and causality, following the strangest laws of the quantum world. In extreme synthesis, transmutation, in following those weird laws, works through evolutionary processes that occur at the speed of light, processes that favor some results, instead others less probable.

All the physical laws, all the forces and fields involved, all the quantum operators at work, in a flash, to realize the rarest events in the Universe, in the incessant search for a more stable dynamic equilibrium. The most suitable (in the sense of the evolutive adaptation) configurations of forces, fields, action, energy, matter, information, particles / waves will survive, in search of a causal permanence that can produce a chain of new events and new balances between least action and incessant further evolution.

• When mass rises, volume (space extension) lowers

Macrocosm - Cosmology

Origin and Evolution of the Universe

• An unlimited Universe: no limits in cause, space and time

• No Big Bang! No inflation! We don’t really need things like these…

• The Universe is older than we think

• Only one universe is needed, not many or an infinite number

The Shape of the Universe

• The Universe is intrinsically flat

• No limits at all

• Large scale homogeneity of the cosmos

• No singularities: neither in the case of the Big Bang, nor in Black Holes

Cosmic structures: the visible and the dark side of the Universe

• Cosmic structures in an unlimited Universe

• Dark matter is not made of particles

• Dark energy as anti-mass (or positive density mass)

• The gravitational, kinetic, electric and magnetic structure of the Cosmos

• The Cosmic Web

• Cosmic expansion as an effect of the rising complexity of Reality