TFNR - The Structures of Information
- variation in the Rotation:AxisOrientation value, in the sense of variation of the spatial direction of the axis of chirality of the Elementary Events in that point (proper / intrinsic direction of the axis of rotation / torsion of the Field in that point event / spatial orientation of vorticity).
Everywhere we look, observe, measure, everything we are, everything we imagine... Everything has structure, everything is structure, structures, objects, things, Forms or parts of larger and more complex Forms, Systems, the Universe. Structures that make up structures, systems of structures and parts in dynamic relation, everything is Information in incessant interaction.
Information, In-Form-Action...
Structures of Information make up the entire evolving Universe, from our body to the entire Physical Universe... And not only that... Even in the cognitive domain of Reality, everything is structure, Structures of Cognitive Information (perceptions, sensations, emotions, memories, thoughts, models, etc.) incessantly interact to form the flow of consciousness, states, dynamics, representations of ourselves and the world in which we live.
Information and Structures everywhere!
As seen, in the causal chain that, from the Source, from its active side, the Force, leads to the Form, to the Forms, to the Universe, to Reality as a whole in progress, after the Action we have found Information. The Form of Action, precisely.
Information tends to form Structures, as Relations between Events form Processes, patterns of organization. Structures that in turn constitute the bricks that make up the Forms.
In this knowledge system, in a general sense and with reference to the most basic level of Reality, the term "Structure of Information" means pattern of organization of Action in the Field (Information, In-form-action).
Structures represent the shapes, the forms, correlations of the distributions of the elementary fluctuations in / of the Elementary Field under the incessant Action of the Fundamental Force, the product of the inner interaction between the active and the passive aspect of the Primary Source, the Source of Reality.
But we can give many other definitions (complementary or equivalent) with respect to the way we look at them, to the aspect, property, behavior we are focusing on.
And then, after the definitions, we will outline the most significant aspects, classification and origin, properties and dynamics of the Structures of Information, aspects that we will deal with in more detail in this tenth chapter.
Various definitions
Observing the Structures of Information from the different perspectives of the profound nature of Reality, we can formulate different definitions, all complementary and equivalent, but each capable of providing us with a peculiar image that can help us build a vision of at the same time more complete and detailed.
Strictly speaking, at the most elementary level of Physical Reality, by Structures we mean those small objects, so to say, that represent the discrete, the quantized aspect of Reality: waves and particles, and their more or less complex interactions, objects that make up ordinary / visible matter (radiation, particles, atoms, etc.). In the representation of what exists within this system of knowledge we do not only find these Structures of Information, which represent only a minimal fraction (5%?) of the existing Matter and Energy (Information). To this we must add all the matter and energy of the dark / invisible sector of Physical Reality, which we will talk about later.
Speaking of terms and definitions, for Matter and Energy whose existence is supposed, but whose nature and form are not known, rather than using the adjective "dark", it would be more appropriate to use the term "invisible" , because this is what it is about, the impossibility of observing these entities as they do not seem to emit any type of electromagnetic radiation (light, radio waves, x or gamma rays, etc.). Symmetrically, we should use the term "visible" for Matter and Energy that we can observe by collecting its electromagnetic radiation, and which we call "ordinary", or "bright". In the text, given the common usage, we will continue to use both the terms "dark and invisible", as well as ordinary and visible, or bright”.
Similarly, we will talk about dark / invisible sector or side to collectively refer to the structure and invisible Information Structures that are hypothesized to populate the Universe, and ordinary / visible / bright sector / side for the structures that we can observe through electromagnetic radiation.
Extending our hypotheses a little, we could say that the invisible sector is composed of massive structures with low density and wide spatial distribution (halos of dark matter / dark energy and gravitational waves, the complex dark structure of the cosmic web), expression of the Component of Elementary Action that we call Perturbation, root of Space-time and Mass, source of metric and gravitational phenomena and dominated by gravity (and therefore observable through gravitational effects, e.g. gravitational dynamics of celestial bodies, strong and weak lensing, detection of gravitational waves).
On the other hand, the visible sector is composed of massive structures with high density and narrow spatial distribution (particles of ordinary, or even "exotic", but still visible / detectable, matter, ordinary energy and electromagnetic waves, the matter and radiation that makes up the "non-dark" part of the Universe), an expression, as well as of the Component of Elemental Action that we call Perturbation, above all of the Component Rotation, in its two sub-modes Rotation:Chirality and Rotation:AxisOrientation, root of Charge and Spin, source of electrical and magnetic phenomena and dominated by electromagnetism.
Let's try to put things in order:
- from the perspective of what exists in terms of Entities, Events, Relations and Processes, we can define the Structures of Information as Processes, dynamic networks of Relations between Events, produced by Entities / Sources (Force / Field couples), which show some correlation in the basic dynamics of the Field, networks of organized Events that show consistent collective expressions / behaviors and common properties emerging from the more elementary levels of Reality, from the dynamics of Elementary Action. In other words, Structures of Information, at the most elementary level of Physical Reality, are patterns of correlation among the quantities that describe the dynamics of each point of / in the Field (point-events), the dynamics of the so-called Micro-states, the point distributions in the time domain of the elementary fluctuations of the spatial dimensions in / of the Elementary Field (the Elementary Events, the Action). In summary, at the level of the Elementary Field, the Structures of Information represent networks of Elementary Events, that show some level of correlation (organized by Relations) and manifest a collective behavior from which a condition of individuation emerges such that the Structures themselves can be configured as independent entities.
- from the perspective of what exists in terms of Sources (Forces and Fields couples), Action, Information, Form, Structures can be seen as (Derived) Entities, causal and variational centers of action, produced by the incessant Action of the Force on the Field, in the inner interaction between the two aspects of the Primary Source, the Source of Reality. A structure represents an organized (more or less definite and identified / identifiable) portion of the Elementary Field, which can then be seen as a (Derived) Field (for example, the electric field manifested by a charged particle), which become source of a (Derived) Force (for example, the electric force manifested by that same charged particle, acting on another charged particle through the Field). The Structures in turn then become (Derived) Sources of Causality and Variationality, Entities, centers of causal and variational Action, which constitute the derived aspect of the fundamental entities (Force and Field) in which the Source of Reality manifests itself. Formed by Elementary Action and being centers of Derived (more complex) Action, the Structures manifest form, properties, behaviors and dynamics that depend on their particular constitutive profiles of the Modes / Components of Elementary Action (Perturbation, Translation and Rotation, in the two sub-modes Rotation-Chirality and Rotation-Axis Orientation). These Derived Entities are the structures that populate both the dark / invisible and ordinary / visible sides of the Universe.
- from the perspective of the relations between continuity and discreteness, we can say that Structures represent the discrete (quantized) aspect of Reality in a continuous Field. Although composed by the correlations of an enormous number of Events in space-time domains, nets of dynamical micro-states in a continuous field, Structures can be considered as units, units intended as organizations or systems, "individualities", that show emergent properties and behaviors. The key element for this emerging and special unity / individuality of each Structure of Information is the level of correlation between the Elementary Events that participate in, support its existence. When the intensity of the correlations between the Elementary Events of a dynamic set is greater than the intensity of the correlations between such Events and all the other Events that animate the Field not included in the dynamic set considered, we can say that the correlations between the distributions of elementary fluctuations of / in the Field or, in other equivalent terms, the Relations between the Elementary Events of the dynamic whole considered, constitute a Structure of Information of / in the Field. The border between the continuous and the discrete (two aspects that coexist in Physical Reality, the discrete that emerges from the continuous and influences its form and dynamics in an incessant co-formative, co-evolutionary process) is a very often blurred boundary, only sometimes clearer, sharper. Everything that we perceive or imagine as clearly distinct, separate, confined, is in fact not so if we observe its boundary at the smallest dimensional scales. Already at the molecular level, even more so at the atomic and subatomic level. In the ordinary conception, we imagine electrons as elementary, "simple", unitary, point-like particles, of which, net of quantum indeterminacy and their peculiar dynamics, it is possible to determine their position with infinite precision, while at the same time renouncing similar precision infinite for the measurement of the speed of movement in space-time (position and velocity, or better “momentum”, the product of the mass and velocity, are conjugate quantum quantities). This is not the case. In this model of representation of Reality, in the Evolutionary Knowledge System, an electron, as Structure of Information, of the "Vortex" type / "Particle" sub-type, and for all the characteristics of the model, is hypothesized to be a portion of space-time, or rather of the Elementary Field, organized (with a particular configuration of the correlations between the distributions of the elementary fluctuations of / in the Field, a configuration that has the shape of a three-dimensional "Vortex", whose blurred boundaries find a fluctuating dynamic limit in the very indeterminacy of the correlations, in the sense that the intensity of the correlations at the spatial boundaries of the electron fluctuate around the average value of the indeterminacy, making the boundary which would virtually be infinite/indeterminate blurred). What takes on particular relevance here are not the Events themselves, which can enter and exit the considered set (dynamic in this sense), but the Relations that bind them, that "organize" them, the correlations between the distributions (temporal) of the elementary (spatial) fluctuations of the Field which constitute the Elementary Events. These Relations, these schemes of correlation, represent Information, or, in its most basic sense, Energy (Information purified of the aspect of the Form of higher levels of complexity, Energy represents a more elementary expression of Information, a sort of synthetic, aformal, expression, in the sense of measurement of a physical parameter averaged over an interval of space and time as in statistical mechanics, e.g. "temperature", synthetic measurement of the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms, a domain of atoms considered as "isolated", unitary and identified or identifiable.
- from the perspective of the role they play in the construction of Reality: the Structures are the (Derived) Entities that compose the physical world: force carriers, Radiation, Dark matter, particles of Ordinary / Visible / Bright matter, and all the connected fields and forces, as their expressions. As entities, Waves, Vortices (massive particles) and Interactions, the elementary and composite structures of Matter and Radiation, can be defined Agents; specifically, Quantum Agents, as their interactions mainly follow the principles of Quantum Dynamics, and the formulation of Quantum Field Theory. Structures of Information represent the causal sources of the quantization of matter and energy in the continuous Elementary Field. Structures are the building blocks of Material Forms, the objects of Physical Reality. As nets of Physical Structures of Information in incessant interaction (like waves and particles), as we will see in the next chapter, the Material Forms evolve in more and more complex objects (atoms, molecules, bodies, etc.), showing different emergent features and properties, behaving in the different ways as described by the dynamics proper to that peculiar kind of Structure / Form (the physical and chemical dynamics for atoms forming molecules, for molecules forming materials, for materials forming complex bodies like rocks, tissues, organisms, planets and stars, and so on). Transcending the level of the Structures, new properties and behaviors emerge with the evolution of Material Forms. And vice versa, the new properties and behaviors of the Forms, make the Structures to evolve modifying their behavior, their properties, in an incessant co-evolution that gives form to the Universe (Process of Formation of Reality).
Importance
As said above, everything we observe, everything we measure, everything we are, everything we imagine… Everything has / is structure. We and everything around us is made up of structures, objects, things, Forms or parts of Forms, Systems of Forms. Structures that make up structures, systems of structures and parts in dynamic relation, everything is "Structured Information" in incessant interaction.
All levels of Reality are equally important and essential to understand the existence of everything, but the level of Information Structures together with that of Forms are the ones that we have most before us, and therefore it seems normal that it is the most attractive aspect to study, and the most accessible. The products of their incessant cosmic dance affect our senses, inducing perceptions, which become sensations, sometimes emotions, thoughts, models, systems of knowledge... A cognitive complexity that reflects the complexity of the Structures and the Forms that make up Physical Reality. It is no coincidence that "traditional" science, mainstream research so to speak (physics, chemistry, astrophysics, cosmology, ...), deals above all with Structures of Information and Forms and their dynamics, even if these classes are called otherwise (particles, waves, interactions, objects, stars, galaxies, etc.).
Due to its proximity to us, the space occupied by this field of research in modern physics, and the amount of theoretical and experimental activity related to it, are enormous. The intellectual effort, as well as the experimental one, is impressive, with huge investments concentrated above all on the development of ever more powerful colliders, in search of new particles and increasingly accurate measurements of their properties. Particles, particles, particles... Structures of Information... It is important to study them, but to understand their nature, origin, structure, internal dynamics and mutual interactions, their role in the construction of Physical Reality, etc. it is not enough to observe collisions at increasingly higher energies. Since the physical world is not only made up of Structures of Information (dark and visible), to go deeper and try to understand the Fundamental Nature of Reality, it is not enough to study particles, waves and their interactions, it is necessary to observe Nature with new eyes and an open mind. Particle models, useful for understanding and classifying particles and their interactions, if they saturate the theoretical panorama and the experimental activities, risk being an obstacle to the understanding of Reality at a deeper level, for the construction of a unitary vision of Reality, of Nature, of the Universe.
Origin
The Process of Formation of the Dark and Visible Structures of Information
Where the Structures of Information come from? Which is their origin? How they take form? The simple and concise answer is that they form from the dynamics of the Field, ruled by the three Fundamental Principles (Uncertainty, Action and Reaction and Least Action), essentially through two aspects of the evolutive processes.
The first, self-organization, is a fundamental aspect of the evolutive dynamics of Reality, as described in a previous chapter. Structures emerge from the Field, coevolving in an incessant evolutive interaction with the dynamics of the Field itself, where the evolutive Operators of Reality, Organization, Transformation and Selection, give form to more and more complex Structures and interactions. Given appropriate "environmental" conditions (an appropriate local state of the Field) processes of events (Information) organize spontaneously in stable structures, with "causal permanence" and characterized by properties that derive from the “collective behavior” of the elementary events that participate to their existence, or, in other words, from the correlations of the Action (perturbation, translation and rotation) of the microstates relative to the considered space-time domain.
The second, interaction, is the aspect through which many of the Structures are produced by the dynamics of existing Structures (i.e. the emission of e. m. waves by accelerating charged particles, the formation of mass particles by the friction of the huge dark matter halos hosting clusters and super clusters, the formation of composite Structures through the interaction of elementary ones).
Classification
The Physical Structures of Information, according to their nature, can be classified in two fundamental / pure types and a mixed type produced by various kinds of Physical Interactions between them:
Waves, vortices (massive particles), interactions, make up the network of Structures that populate the descriptive models of the constituents of matter (Dark and Visible).
Among them we find the structures that we call Dark matter, the diffuse low-density structures that create the texture of the cosmos, the galactic bubbles, and the even larger ones that house immense clusters and the other large cosmic structures.
And also the constituents of the Visible matter (or Ordinary matter), the particles from whose interaction the atoms are formed, and the other particles that are created in high-energy phenomena / collisions.
Waves represent the dynamic structures able of carrying Information or, in terms of conventional physics, vectors of forces. Here we find the gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves (and their particle counterpart / representation, the photon).
Vortices represent the conservative structures, from whose fundamental nature the mass phenomenon derives. Structured information which, due to its peculiar conformation, acquires an (apparently) permanent form. Dark matter halos, the invisible structure of the cosmos, which make up the complex cosmic web, the dark side of the Universe. Elementary particles, including leptons and quarks, in the visible side. From the interaction of these Structures composite particles arise, which form most of the particles that exist in nature or have been produced in accelerators (hadrons - protons, neutrons, etc. - and mesons).
Properties
Different kinds of Structures have different properties. In general, we can say that all the Physical Structures of Information have causal, spatial and temporal extension. Other properties are related to the shape of the structure (the form in the space), to its dynamics (the form in the time), to the way in which it can interact with other structures. Many other properties derive from the way in which the single structure is aggregated with other forms. In other words, the properties of the structures imply the properties of the more complex aggregates to which they take part, and the emerging properties of the aggregates imply the properties of the structures that compose the aggregates themselves. The elementary and the complex co-evolve influencing each other.
No defined form... (function of speed, mass, environment, etc.) and ever changing...
Form in the terms of the modes of E Action
Spacial-temporal (space-time) and Mass form and dynamics / Position of the structure in space-time, shape in space-time (position of its parts and relations...)
Motion form / evolution of the form -> dynamics -> change of position of the structure in space-time, change of shape in space-time (position of its parts and relations...), change of mass, etc.
Charge and Spin form and dynamics
Dynamics
In the Process of Formation of Reality, the Dynamics of the Structures of Information is that part of Evolutionary Dynamics that specifically describe the level of the Structures of Information. It analyzes all the processes of the two main classes of structures, the Structures of Propagation and the Structures of Conservation, and the Interactions of the two that produce the Structures that compose the Material Forms, the states of matter, the objects of the Physical Reality.
The interaction among the Structures of Information is the bridge toward Material Forms. More than the properties of the single structures, the “collective behavior”, the emerging properties of the dynamics of nets of Structures, at the same time belonging to the same class and to different classes, is what determines the properties of Material Forms. Here we can thing to the different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma and various types of condensates) to the different chemical elements that forms more and more complex molecules with increasingly amazing properties and behaviors.
Looking at Reality in the most complex levels, all the Material Forms, like chemical, geological, organic, biological, cosmic structures, and the most complex forms made by the cognitive action of the Living Beings, show a vast and mutating net of properties emerging and incessantly evolving from the properties and the dynamics of the underling levels of the Structures that compose them. The properties and the dynamics of the elementary levels of Reality determine, entails, the emergence of the properties and the dynamics of the objects that populate the more complex levels, but in turn this evolution toward complexity enables the emergence of new and more complex properties and behavior of the objects of the more elementary levels, incessantly opening new possibilities of further evolution toward new levels of organization of Reality. It is an iterative and nested process of co-evolution of the elementary and the complex levels, of what exists and what can exist, that interests all the aspect of the Existence and the Essence of Reality.
Observation
What is different observing Structures from absolute or relative perspectives, from the point of view of the Field (the absolute perspective) or from the point of view of the Structures themselves (the relative perspective)?
In a further paragraph, we will describe, in short, the same Structures viewed from the two perspectives. In particular, vortices and wave structures, at rest or moving (uniform or accelerated motion), observed by:
- the absolute perspective of:
- a point event, represented as a micro-state, of the Field,
- a space domain, a portion of the Field, a set of points events, represented by a net of micro-states,
- the relative perspective of:
- the same observed structures, moving in the Field.
Links to the tables of contents of TFNR Paper
