An example of a wonderfull video about the story of the Universe. Unfortunately it tells a story that, though it is the espression of the main stream cosmology, is not exacly what we would to watch in an Evolutionary Knowledge perspective… But very nice indeed…
TIMELAPSE OF THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE – Cinema cut
Credits: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBikbn5XJhg
Web Site of the Project: Melody Sheep – Remixing the universe. One video at a time.
The causal dimension manifests itself in a continuum that spreads from uncertainty to finality. This dimension is a metric of the level of organization of the Field and the Structures of Information that evolve in it, a “scale” of the complexity of Reality and the Forms that populate it.
The main steps in the evolution of causal dimension are:
• Uncertainty (indetermination, chaos, casual order): null or minimum level of organization, no correlations between events,
• Possibility/Probability (probabilistic, statistical causality): an increasing level of organization, of correlation between events, manifests quantum aspects as the bizarre behaviour of quantized forces and structures, waves, particles, interactions, etc.,
• Necessity (determination): high levels of organization, of correlation between events, ordered states, proper of the organization of classical forms of Reality, the objects of the “ordinary” reality,
• Finality (finalistic indetermination): the higher level of the expression of dynamic and conservative aspects of living beings, the more complex causal manifestation of Reality, the more complex outcome of the evolutive process.
Any level emerges from the previous one. There isn’t a rigid separation among the different levels, they are mixed. In each existing form, at any level of Reality, of complexity, we can find a mix of the above forms of causality. Different layers, with their dominant form of causality, coexist in the same object of Reality.
So, at the most elementary level of the Field, we can find the domination of Uncertainty, the chaos of the elementary events, the fluctuations of the space time distances at the Planck scale, the Elementary Action, the quantum foam. The evolution of each point of space-time can be represented as a stochastic process in with every point-event manifests a full stochastic independence of the evolution of all the other points of space-time field. Indeterminism is inherent to the very nature, or, better, to the nature of the most basic level of Reality.
If we look at a wider scale, at the space-time domain whose organization represent a Structure of Information, i.e. a particle, in which the evolution of each point of space-time field is in some form correlated to the evolution of the other points of that specific space-time domain, we find a strange form of causality, the form that characterize the quantum world, in which causal links between events can be expressed only in a probabilistic form. The correlation among the events that participate to the existence of that Structure can be expressed in a statistical form, as space time distributions of probability of intensity, direction, vorticity and orientation of the vorticity of the tiny fluctuations of the space time field at the Planck scale, the Elementary Events. Probability is not a matter of incomplete knowledge, or due to the existence of unknown hidden variables. Causality in quantum world can only be expressed in a probabilistic form because the elementary chaos, the chance, the uncertainty is so widely present at the level of Reality. The Structures that organize the Field are forming from the correlation among an immense quantity of everchanging tiny events. Nature, at this causal former level, is inherently probabilistic, and everything can only be described in a statistical form.
In large aggregate of quantum objects (as atoms, molecules, small bodies), determination, necessity, is rising, but at an embryonal stage. Necessity manifest itself completely at more complex levels of Reality, the levels in which the objects of the ordinary life interact with each other, following the laws of classical and relativistic dynamics. So, for the cosmological bodies, that comprehend a wide range of ordinary phenomena. If we look at the class of more extreme phenomena, i.e. the quantum dynamics associated to the layers of Reality concerning with the interaction of macroscopic complex aggregates of quantum structures (neutron stars, quark plasma stars, black holes, grb or strong radiation emissions as those produced by pulsars, supermassive black holes, quasars), the indetermination and the probabilistic causality gain the scene again.
Finally, where the inorganic matter evolves into the organic molecules that sustain life, there we will find a new emerging kind of causality. Where the organic structures evolve under the selective pressure of the embryonal biological evolution, forming more and more complex living organism, there we can find a more complex form of causality. We call this form of causality: Finality. It emerges where determinism, necessity, finds its limit and exaltation, coevolving with the developing of more and more complex living forms. Living beings, in their incessant exploration of the causal landscapes of Reality, searching for nourishment and better physical and social life conditions, in their continuous effort to adapt and ecologically fit, within the co-evolutionary processes that tie life to the environments, develop more and more complex behaviors and strategies, that evolve within the causal dimension toward intention and finality. It’s the emergence of the “sense”, the “meaning”. The analogous, in the complex levels of Reality that we call Metareality, of the difference between the spatial directions at the more elementary levels of the Physical Reality, the orientation of spin in particle physics, etc., or the difference between past and future in the temporal dimension, where time symmetry broke, giving rise to the arrow of time.
A source is always a whole, a non-manifesting couple of interacting entities, one active/creative, a force, and one passive/receptive, a field, potentially or effectively producing action, events. So, a source is, at the same time, the causal origin (what acts) and the variational substrate (what varies) of any event. Force and field are a unity, different aspects, but unitarian and indivisible expressions of a source. The Force is the active, the creative side of the Source. The Field is the passive, its receptive side. The Source express itself in these two entities, the unmanifested, root of any manifestation, physical and cognitive, the everything, the whole Reality, the Universe in evolution. I intend the unmanifested as the absolute, the pure and formless ground of being from which creation and the manifestation arise. The Source manifest itself in the complementary expression (that means “pressure to existence”) of a unitarian couple of interacting entities, Force and Field. The Source in itself, as the One, is free from change, a concept close to the “unmoved mover”, or “uncaused cause”, but its direct manifestation, The Action, is the change in itself. The absolute/unmanifested and the relative/manifest are different levels of the same reality.
A force is an agent, a cause, an entity that, interacting with a field, produce existence, the causal side of a source of something that exists. For causal side, I intend what relates to the expression of a force acting on a field producing events, action. It is an internal interaction between the two unitary aspects of a source. A unity, a self-manifestation of a source through this internal interaction.
A field is an acted, the former “substance”, the substrate, the variational side of a source. For variational side, I intend the aspects of a source that can vary in space (relative space location position and its derivatives with respect to space and/or in time) and/or in time (relative time location instant and its derivatives with respect to space and/or in time). The basic variational aspect of Reality, that correspond to the primary mode (Perturbation) of expression of the Action, the dynamics of the Elementary Events, is space-time itself, the metric field, seen as the dimensional counterpart of mass density and the gravitational phenomena. The others variational aspects, that correspond to the further, more complex, modes of expression of the Action, are attraction/repulsion related to motion (Translation), vorticity/chirality related to charge (Rotation) and orientation of the Rotation axis (Rotation Axis) related to the electromagnetic phenomena, all the most complex nuclear phenomena, forces and fields related to the combination of these fundamental modes and the above mentioned physical quantities and phenomena.
These two sides of the source, force and field, interacting, manifest their specific features and at same time acquire the features of the other different side.
The field manifests its passive feature of “resistance” to variation, reacting to the pressure of the force. In turn, this reaction manifests itself as a force opposed to the original force. It opposes as a counter-pressure to the action of the force.
The force manifests its active feature of “pressure” for variation, reacting to the resistance of the field. In turn, this reaction manifest itself as a variation of the intensity of the force. It opposes as a counter-resistance to the reaction of the field.
So, the force has in itself a secondary/derived aspect of variation/resistance and the field has in itself a secondary/derived aspect of force/pressure.
The best image I can find to represent this fundamental interconnection between the two opposites in the basic nature of a source is the ancient glyph of Yin Yang. I know, this can be seen by a scientist as an indebted reference to a world of beliefs and superstitions. I don’t think so. Anyone who wants to walk the paths of knowledge must have the humility to observe with respect every expression of the human thought, aware that even the most insignificant concept, produced by a man, can contain a fund of truth and can be useful to reveal aspects of the Reality. In this case, then, we must bow our heads in front of one of the highest peaks of human knowledge, the foundation of some of the most important philosophies of the East.
Pressure and resistance together embody the unity in the expression of a source, because pressure implies a force, the causal side, and resistance a field, the variational side.
In the classic concept of pressure, we find a force and an area of space. In the hypothesis of a rigid body containing a volume of something, what varies is the extension of the volume of space. This in the classic physical world. At the most elementary level of Reality, in the very fabric of space time and the fundamental physical phenomena, what varies is the compression/dilatation of the space-time itself (space distances, areas, volumes and time distances/periods), effect of the major or minor density of the fundamental variations of the Field produced by the Force.
Conversely, in the classic concept of resistance, we find a substance, a material, a physical body, a continuous body, in which a deformation results from a stress induced by applied forces. Resistance is itself a force, a force that tends to oppose to variation, that limits the action of a force. This in the classic physical world. At the most elementary level of Reality, where the action, the variation, is relative to the compression/dilatation of the space-time, we see the resistance as the capacity of the field to oppose to this fundamental deformation of the space-time itself. Without resistance, no reaction. A finite force will cause an infinite action. Conservation finds its limit, in which the action lost itself in an endless variation in space and time. Space and time couldn’t exist and so causality.
This paper proposes a new model of description of Reality, founded on a constructivist paradigm, an integral extension of the evolutionary theory to the whole domain of Nature. To improve and extend the knowledge about physical reality, we propose to revise the same pillars of the current physical theories, i.e. the matter centric vision (atomism), the non-locality hypothesis, the theory of big bang and inflation, and to reconsider some other theories, putting them in a wider framework, enhancing their compatibility and descriptive power: among all, the special / general relativity and quantum mechanics. An attempt to reach and reveal the elementary level unity that underlies the multiplicity of the phenomenological reality we directly make experience, to gather the Action on the Field by the Force, which incessantly causes the creation and the evolution of Reality, in its physical and cognitive dimensions. A stimulus to address theoretical and experimental research in new directions, to go beyond the known, to explore new horizons in physics and cosmology.
As part of the Source of Reality, at the most elementary level, we identify a unique Force, the fundamental causal agent, that “creates” Reality, mediating the state transition of the Elementary Field (the space-time field) from Non-Existence to Existence, from the fundamental unstable state of “nothingness” to the unitary Field of Elementary Action. It is the quantum vacuum, in which the incessant and undetermined fluctuations of the space-time itself, a stochastic process in the space and time dimensions, represent the fundamental entity, the elementary “substance”, the unique field from which all the Forms that populate the Reality emerge and evolve. At this level, Physical Reality can be described by three fundamental principles (uncertainty, action and reaction, least action), that correspond to the fundamental “modes” of dynamics (gradient, divergence and curl), and, in other words, to the three components of the Elementary Action: Perturbation, Translation and Rotation.
The intensity of this incessant and constant Force, together with the parameters and the constraints of the Field, determines the distributions of the elementary fluctuations of the space-time field, that we call Action, and so, the fundamental properties of Physical Reality: the vacuum electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability, the velocity of propagation of Information in the Field (commonly known as “speed of light”), the quantum of action, the gravitational constant, the fine structure constant, the equilibrium conditions that determines the fundamental parameters of radiation and of dark matter structures and ordinary matter particles (mass, motion, charge and spin).
These parameters extend their influence to all the aspects of Reality, as the complex feedback phenomena called “universe expansion and dark energy”, intimately connected to the processes of matter formation and, more in general, to the dynamics of the cosmos. Furthermore, we will investigate the relationships between continuity and quantization (the Field, as a continuous entity, and the Structures of Information in the Field, the patterns of organization of the elementary fluctuations, as quantized entities), and between the undulatory and corpuscular aspects of the Structures of Information, i.e. ordinary matter particles, dark matter structures, radiation, energy structures and carriers of derived forces.
A wonderful and interesting video on the shape and dynamics of our local universe, the portion of cosmos our galaxy, the Milky Way, takes part.
“Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.”
Credits:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UE8yHySiJ4A
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature’s news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819
Vorticity is a fundamental property of Reality, from the elementary level of the Field of Action, to the elementary physical structures, as particles, to the behavior of fluids, up to the shape and dynamics of galaxies and larger cosmic structures.
Some amazing examples …
Credits:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UE8yHySiJ4A
http://weatheradventures.net/
Credits:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoO89cqDgJU
http://gplus.to/TonyDarnell
http://facebook.com/SpaceFan
Credits:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1TVoD9_vLQ
Chandra X-ray Observatory Chandra X-ray Observatory
E ora è la volta dei quark e dei leptoni. Nessuna particella viene risparmiata in questa pazza corsa verso dimensioni sempre più infinitesime, verso livelli sempre più fondamentali, frammenti di materia sempre più piccoli e sfuggenti.
Gli atomi, nell’antichità così chiamati perché ritenuti indivisibili, sono stati frantumati, sezionati, via via sempre più in profondità, a scoprire famiglie successive di particelle, schegge di materia da misurare e classificare, e, tra queste, legami sempre più forti e ravvicinati, un panteon di divinità sempre più potenti, forze esotiche che sfuggono ai nostri sensi limitati.
E’ una ricerca infinita, giacché le dimensioni delle particelle coinvolte sono sì infinitesime, ma sempre di moltissimi ordini di grandezza superiori alla scala di Planck, la scala dove le dimensioni spaziali e temporali sfumano in un incessante brulicare di energia informe, regno dell’indeterminazione, del campo fondamentale, la fornace, il crogiolo nel quale ribolle lo spaziotempo, substrato di ogni fenomeno.
Ad ogni ulteriore resezione, come in un’autopsia che non termina mai, sempre nuovi livelli, nuovi oggetti, nuove strutture, si presentano innanzi agli occhi degli sperimentatori. Ad ogni giro, nuovo materiale affolla le menti creative dei teorici, in un girotondo senza fine.
E’ la mania del collezionismo che ci fa cercare sempre nuove farfalle, esotiche e variopinte, da raccogliere, fotografare, scambiare? E’ il bisogno di arrivare in fondo, di trovare il principio e la fine, la nascita e la morte, nelle forme materiali che ci circondano, a nostra immagine e somiglianza?
Osserviamo il cielo, con le sue nubi sempre mutevoli, che vediamo talvolta rincorrersi, spinte da venti impetuosi, talvolta affollarsi le une sulle altre, tanto da impedirci per giorni di vedere il cielo, l’azzurro, lo sfondo, il fondale aereo sulla cui scena si formano le strutture che chiamiamo nuvole.
E’ forse questa la svolta? La nuova via in grado di farci comprendere meglio la realtà fisica fondamentale e i suoi fenomeni sfuggenti? Spostare lo sguardo dalle strutture che attraggono la nostra attenzione con le loro forme sfavillanti, le loro complesse evoluzioni e interazioni, allo sfondo che le ospita, le sostiene, le nutre dell’energia fondamentale che ne consente l’esistenza, la permanenza causale…
Dal discreto al continuo, dalla struttura al campo, dall’informazione all’azione. Verso quelle dimensioni infinitesime, la fucina dove incessantemente la Forza forgia la realtà più elementare, causa che si trasforma in spazio e in tempo, e poi in strutture, sempre più grandi e complesse, particelle, atomi e molecole, oggetti e cellule, rocce e organismi, pianeti, ecosistemi, stelle e galassie, idee, culture, un’evoluzione senza tregua e senza fine, un universo in evoluzione.
Nelle grandi occasioni, nei momenti di svolta, di fronte a eventi potenzialmente in grado di portare a intense e repentine accelerazioni nel percorso umano verso la conoscenza della realtà, ecco che le bocche si aprono e i fiati si sprecano. Nel tentativo, pur lodevole, di spiegare al volgo quanto neppure gli esperti conoscono, il mondo viene inondato dalle più assurde stupidaggini.
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| La particella di Higgs (Fonte: Wikipedia) |
Risultato: gli specialisti, o supposti tali, rimangono in una quasi assoluta oscurità, che tentano di spacciare per luminosa e profonda conoscenza, e i comuni mortali, che in generale non mostrano particolare interesse verso l’approfondimento culturale, ma la cui attenzione vagante è richiamata dalle luci intermittenti e dai suoni assordanti, vengono disorientati da informazioni frammentarie o palesemente errate, che generano false convinzioni e fuorvianti miti metropolitani.
La cosa più esilarante è che entrambe le parti, che da secoli si contrappongono nell’eterna disputa culturale tra fede e scienza, si contendono allegramente il diritto di sentenziare sui fondamenti della Realtà. Gli uni esaltando il primato dello Spirito, gli altri, quello della Materia, avvinghiati in un vortice dogmatico sempre più autoreferenziale, che non lascia spazio al vero dibattito, al confronto che porta al superamento delle posizioni contrapposte, all’integrazione, verso una reale unità della Conoscenza.
Onore al Professor Higgs, a prescindere dall’effettiva bontà e rilevanza dei suoi lavori e della vera natura della recente scoperta, a tutti i ricercatori che chinano le loro schiene sugli strumenti e agli studiosi che affinano le loro menti sui modelli teorici, onore alla serietà e alla modestia degli scienziati innamorati della ricerca e della Conoscenza, che sanno, seguendo un precetto buddista, rettamente pensare e rettamente parlare.
Di stupidaggini è già pieno il mondo, senza necessità di rabbocchi pseudo scientifici o pseudo spirituali. Lasciamo ai santi e ai mistici il privilegio di parlare con scioltezza di Dio, in un anelito che sgorga dal cuore. Ridiamo sacralità a questo termine, che indica la forza più grande che c’è, la causa dell’esistenza e dell’evoluzione della realtà.
Una forza infinita ed eterna, da cui emanano tutte le forze e le forme che popolano l’Universo ai vari livelli di complessità. La manifestazione, l’epifania della Natura in evoluzione. Forza creativa ed evolutiva in azione.
La Forza.
P.S. Accostare Dio a un bosone?!? Un errore concettuale e sostanziale che lascia esterrefatti, che denota una evidente assenza di riflessione sui concetti più fondamentali dell’esistenza. E’ l’idea stessa di realtà che si fonda su di essi: forza, campo, energia, materia… Il bosone è definito come una particella vettore, portatrice della forza che caratterizza un campo fisico. “Portatrice di forza”, non “forza”. Sarebbe come confondere la barca solare che trasporta Horus nel suo viaggio giornaliero nella volta celeste, con Horus stesso. L’uno, la forza, l’altro, il vettore, lo sfondo, il campo. Ma le analogie, comode per fornire un’immagine allegorica, cessano qui.
Google translation from Italian.
Dark matter and dark energy are two of the most important research subjects in modern cosmology, and with two of the biggest mysteries that modern science involved. Many assumptions, the plots with high-energy physics, observations and experiments connected.On these two issues as relevant to understanding the universe in which we live, Evolutionary Physics offers a specific course of research and some original assumptions, which reflect points of view on reality totally unconventional.
It does not seem realistic to consider specific issues, such as, for example, the problem of dark matter, without putting into question the very foundations of physics and cosmology. Everything is closely connected to everything. The analytical methods, so important for deep understanding of individual phenomena, should not deprive us of that overview essential to understand the complexity of reality in its fullness.
Two of the most mysterious and enigmatic concepts in recent years have entered the scene of cosmology, dark matter and dark energy have profound implications on our view of reality, the concept of space-time evolution of the universe . Expansion of the cosmos to the nature of gravity, all the fundamental phenomena of nature are touched in some way.
To understand the true nature of dark matter will be necessary, so learn and understand the phenomenon we commonly call “mass” phenomenon in the context of conventional physics can not find a convincing interpretation. Within the mass of Evolutionary Physics is one of the fundamental properties of elementary field, the field space-time properties that are manifested in the creation and dynamic structures of ordinary matter and dark. It is becoming clearer as to the characteristics and behavior, dark matter can not be made of ordinary matter, as “strange” or exotic. It should look the other way, the standard system of particles can not help us in this quest. The basic characteristics of dark matter that seems to emerge more clearly from the observations are extended to its nature, distributed in a large portion of space, its low density, the purely gravitational interaction with ordinary matter, the dynamics peculiar structure to “bubbles”, and so on. These characteristics are very different from those we commonly attribute to ordinary matter.
To grasp the real nature of these entities and phenomena related to them need to investigate the characteristics and properties of the field space-time. To understand the properties that we call mass, charge and spin, we must look beyond the particles of ordinary matter, should be combined with the research activities of more fundamental particles a new approach and focus on the field. The field understood as the source of the material structures, and not as, on the contrary, entity generated by the existence of matter.
As part of Evolutionary Physics, and especially in the theory that we call “Evolutionary Dynamics of the Field”, which describes the properties and evolution of the primary field, we associate to each point of space-time continuum tensor structure we call micro-states and describe fully the dynamics at the Planck scale. Among the material structures that emerge from the organization of micro-states are, with different characteristics and properties, the two types of structures with mass, which we call dark matter and ordinary matter. The particles of ordinary matter is made up of micro-vortices in the local structure of the field space-time, with limited spatial extent and organization of high dynamic attributes of microstates. The structures of the dark material, in contrast, are constituted by vortices extended, with limited intensity of organization, or correlation, of the dynamic attributes of the micro-states. To investigate these fundamental aspects, see in particular the article “Foundations of a new dynamic,” which analyzes the structure of space-time field and the dynamics of physical reality to the most basic level.
As for dark energy, a term which is commonly referred to the enigmatic entity responsible for the expansion of the universe and all phenomena in some form that counteract the force of gravity on cosmic scales, we believe that this represents not physical entity, but a fundamental phenomenon of nature, the manifestation of the basic properties of space-time field, as understood in the context of Evolutionary Physics. A concept closely linked to the dynamics of dark matter and the processes of creation and evolution of ordinary matter. A phenomenon produced by the progressive organization of the field, in other words, the accumulation of matter, dark and ordinary, in cosmic structures more and more organized.
To understand the nature and linkages of these two concepts, it is necessary to outline the evolutionary history of the universe, the creation of matter, ordinary and dark, complex adaptive processes and mechanisms Retrospective characterize the dynamic interaction. In a nutshell, it all starts with the field space-time vacuum, a self-regulating system in open entrance, perturbed at the Planck scale by elemental force, sheer chaos without any form of organization.For clarity, we associate a physical entity that field which is conventionally called the “quantum vacuum” at the Planck scale. Spontaneous organization of infinitesimal perturbations of the metric field in a time interval immense structures emerge gradually more extensive, filling all available space, start to come into contact and interact. These structures, shaped vortex, created by self-organization of dynamic parameters of the micro-states in the spatial domain occupied express the phenomenon we call mass.
This phenomenon is constituted by a local reduction in the intensity of the elementary disturbances, according to a precise quadratic distribution law, a sort of stretching of space-time. In the peripheral areas of these vortices, or bubbles, which come into contact, there is a growing phenomena of violent friction that triggers the formation of ordinary matter, micro vortices begin to fall toward the centers of the bubbles of dark matter, to organize and form the first galaxies. As the level of organization of space-time increases, the ordinary matter accumulates and aggregates into galaxies and clusters, which should increase the mass of huge bubbles of dark matter that host galaxies and clusters. This phenomenon induces a progressive contraction, a decrease in the spatial extension of the bubbles, with a consequent reduction in the intensity of mutual interaction and, therefore, the creation of new ordinary matter. At intervals huge, the general tendency to self-organization of the field will produce a new expansion of the bubbles of dark matter that will lead to huge new processes of formation of new ordinary matter, and so on in a progressive accumulation of matter, a gradual increase the level of organization of the Universe.
A complex feedback process linking the amount of dark matter and ordinary intensity of disruption to the existing primary field, which is inversely related the velocity of light in vacuum. As the field there is progressive reduction of the speed of light, which produces the phenomenon of cosmic distances conventionally called “cosmic expansion”. Not the removal of galaxies and clusters, not creating new space, but a general decrease in the speed of light has the effect of the expansion of the Universe. In a never ending process, with alternating periods of intense formation of ordinary matter, with periods of intense cosmic expansion, the image that comes to us from the recesses of the universe of time and space is deformed more heavily in a complex superposition of gravitational lenses of varying intensity and extent.
From this brief exposition is clear and concise picture of a tumultuous universe in evolution, as a living organism whose breath changes its limbs, the look, the pace in the world. A large body of many cells, an infinite network of bubbles of dark matter, galaxies, stars, networks of molecules, atoms, particles. Networking events, micro-states, a field space-time Unlimited molteplicemente organized on countless levels, a vast ocean of information that gives structure to the field, in an endless crescendo of complexity.
To learn more:
Dark Matter (Materia Oscura – only in Italian)
Dark Energy (Energia Oscura – only in Italian)
Foundations of a New Dynamic (Fondamenti di una Nuova Dinamica – only in Italian)
Evolutionary Cosmogony (Cosmogonia Evoluzionistica – only in Italian)
