The causal dimension manifests itself in a continuum that spreads from uncertainty to finality. This dimension is a metric of the level of organization of the Field and the Structures of Information that evolve in it, a “scale” of the complexity of Reality and the Forms that populate it.

The main steps in the evolution of causal dimension are:
• Uncertainty (indetermination, chaos, casual order): null or minimum level of organization, no correlations between events,
• Possibility/Probability (probabilistic, statistical causality): an increasing level of organization, of correlation between events, manifests quantum aspects as the bizarre behaviour of quantized forces and structures, waves, particles, interactions, etc.,
• Necessity (determination): high levels of organization, of correlation between events, ordered states, proper of the organization of classical forms of Reality, the objects of the “ordinary” reality,
• Finality (finalistic indetermination): the higher level of the expression of dynamic and conservative aspects of living beings, the more complex causal manifestation of Reality, the more complex outcome of the evolutive process.

Any level emerges from the previous one. There isn’t a rigid separation among the different levels, they are mixed. In each existing form, at any level of Reality, of complexity, we can find a mix of the above forms of causality. Different layers, with their dominant form of causality, coexist in the same object of Reality.

So, at the most elementary level of the Field, we can find the domination of Uncertainty, the chaos of the elementary events, the fluctuations of the space time distances at the Planck scale, the Elementary Action, the quantum foam. The evolution of each point of space-time can be represented as a stochastic process in with every point-event manifests a full stochastic independence of the evolution of all the other points of space-time field. Indeterminism is inherent to the very nature, or, better, to the nature of the most basic level of Reality.

If we look at a wider scale, at the space-time domain whose organization represent a Structure of Information, i.e. a particle, in which the evolution of each point of space-time field is in some form correlated to the evolution of the other points of that specific space-time domain, we find a strange form of causality, the form that characterize the quantum world, in which causal links between events can be expressed only in a probabilistic form. The correlation among the events that participate to the existence of that Structure can be expressed in a statistical form, as space time distributions of probability of intensity, direction, vorticity and orientation of the vorticity of the tiny fluctuations of the space time field at the Planck scale, the Elementary Events. Probability is not a matter of incomplete knowledge, or due to the existence of unknown hidden variables. Causality in quantum world can only be expressed in a probabilistic form because the elementary chaos, the chance, the uncertainty is so widely present at the level of Reality. The Structures that organize the Field are forming from the correlation among an immense quantity of everchanging tiny events. Nature, at this causal former level, is inherently probabilistic, and everything can only be described in a statistical form.

In large aggregate of quantum objects (as atoms, molecules, small bodies), determination, necessity, is rising, but at an embryonal stage. Necessity manifest itself completely at more complex levels of Reality, the levels in which the objects of the ordinary life interact with each other, following the laws of classical and relativistic dynamics. So, for the cosmological bodies, that comprehend a wide range of ordinary phenomena. If we look at the class of more extreme phenomena, i.e. the quantum dynamics associated to the layers of Reality concerning with the interaction of macroscopic complex aggregates of quantum structures (neutron stars, quark plasma stars, black holes, grb or strong radiation emissions as those produced by pulsars, supermassive black holes, quasars), the indetermination and the probabilistic causality gain the scene again.

Finally, where the inorganic matter evolves into the organic molecules that sustain life, there we will find a new emerging kind of causality. Where the organic structures evolve under the selective pressure of the embryonal biological evolution, forming more and more complex living organism, there we can find a more complex form of causality. We call this form of causality: Finality. It emerges where determinism, necessity, finds its limit and exaltation, coevolving with the developing of more and more complex living forms. Living beings, in their incessant exploration of the causal landscapes of Reality, searching for nourishment and better physical and social life conditions, in their continuous effort to adapt and ecologically fit, within the co-evolutionary processes that tie life to the environments, develop more and more complex behaviors and strategies, that evolve within the causal dimension toward intention and finality. It’s the emergence of the “sense”, the “meaning”. The analogous, in the complex levels of Reality that we call Metareality, of the difference between the spatial directions at the more elementary levels of the Physical Reality, the orientation of spin in particle physics, etc., or the difference between past and future in the temporal dimension, where time symmetry broke, giving rise to the arrow of time.

A source is always a whole, a non-manifesting couple of interacting entities, one active/creative, a force, and one passive/receptive, a field, potentially or effectively producing action, events. So, a source is, at the same time, the causal origin (what acts) and the variational substrate (what varies) of any event. Force and field are a unity, different aspects, but unitarian and indivisible expressions of a source. The Force is the active, the creative side of the Source. The Field is the passive, its receptive side. The Source express itself in these two entities, the unmanifested, root of any manifestation, physical and cognitive, the everything, the whole Reality, the Universe in evolution. I intend the unmanifested as the absolute, the pure and formless ground of being from which creation and the manifestation arise. The Source manifest itself in the complementary expression (that means “pressure to existence”) of a unitarian couple of interacting entities, Force and Field. The Source in itself, as the One, is free from change, a concept close to the “unmoved mover”, or “uncaused cause”, but its direct manifestation, The Action, is the change in itself. The absolute/unmanifested and the relative/manifest are different levels of the same reality.

A force is an agent, a cause, an entity that, interacting with a field, produce existence, the causal side of a source of something that exists. For causal side, I intend what relates to the expression of a force acting on a field producing events, action. It is an internal interaction between the two unitary aspects of a source. A unity, a self-manifestation of a source through this internal interaction.

A field is an acted, the former “substance”, the substrate, the variational side of a source. For variational side, I intend the aspects of a source that can vary in space (relative space location  position and its derivatives with respect to space and/or in time) and/or in time (relative time location  instant and its derivatives with respect to space and/or in time). The basic variational aspect of Reality, that correspond to the primary mode (Perturbation) of expression of the Action, the dynamics of the Elementary Events, is space-time itself, the metric field, seen as the dimensional counterpart of mass density and the gravitational phenomena. The others variational aspects, that correspond to the further, more complex, modes of expression of the Action, are attraction/repulsion related to motion (Translation), vorticity/chirality related to charge (Rotation) and orientation of the Rotation axis (Rotation Axis) related to the electromagnetic phenomena, all the most complex nuclear phenomena, forces and fields related to the combination of these fundamental modes and the above mentioned physical quantities and phenomena.

These two sides of the source, force and field, interacting, manifest their specific features and at same time acquire the features of the other different side.
The field manifests its passive feature of “resistance” to variation, reacting to the pressure of the force. In turn, this reaction manifests itself as a force opposed to the original force. It opposes as a counter-pressure to the action of the force.
The force manifests its active feature of “pressure” for variation, reacting to the resistance of the field. In turn, this reaction manifest itself as a variation of the intensity of the force. It opposes as a counter-resistance to the reaction of the field.
So, the force has in itself a secondary/derived aspect of variation/resistance and the field has in itself a secondary/derived aspect of force/pressure.
The best image I can find to represent this fundamental interconnection between the two opposites in the basic nature of a source is the ancient glyph of Yin Yang. I know, this can be seen by a scientist as an indebted reference to a world of beliefs and superstitions. I don’t think so. Anyone who wants to walk the paths of knowledge must have the humility to observe with respect every expression of the human thought, aware that even the most insignificant concept, produced by a man, can contain a fund of truth and can be useful to reveal aspects of the Reality. In this case, then, we must bow our heads in front of one of the highest peaks of human knowledge, the foundation of some of the most important philosophies of the East.

Pressure and resistance together embody the unity in the expression of a source, because pressure implies a force, the causal side, and resistance a field, the variational side.

In the classic concept of pressure, we find a force and an area of space. In the hypothesis of a rigid body containing a volume of something, what varies is the extension of the volume of space. This in the classic physical world. At the most elementary level of Reality, in the very fabric of space time and the fundamental physical phenomena, what varies is the compression/dilatation of the space-time itself (space distances, areas, volumes and time distances/periods), effect of the major or minor density of the fundamental variations of the Field produced by the Force.

Conversely, in the classic concept of resistance, we find a substance, a material, a physical body, a continuous body, in which a deformation results from a stress induced by applied forces. Resistance is itself a force, a force that tends to oppose to variation, that limits the action of a force. This in the classic physical world. At the most elementary level of Reality, where the action, the variation, is relative to the compression/dilatation of the space-time, we see the resistance as the capacity of the field to oppose to this fundamental deformation of the space-time itself. Without resistance, no reaction. A finite force will cause an infinite action. Conservation finds its limit, in which the action lost itself in an endless variation in space and time. Space and time couldn’t exist and so causality.