Talk:TFNR - 8. Information: the evolution toward complexity

In Evolutionary Knowledge, we consider Information as organized Action, and, at the same time, as the ability to organize Action. Information is the real object of Evolution, and itself a main step in the causal evolution of Reality (Force, Action, In-form-action, Form).

At each level of Reality, we consider Information as organized Action, the whole set, the nets of relations that link the events together. It is the pattern of organization of the relations that link the events in processes, the information elements in structures, the parts in a system, in a whole. It is the organizing element in the chaos-order processes, the key element in the evolution of Reality towards complexity.

At the same time, in its fundamental aspect, Information is the ability to organize Action: all that we can know, measure, make experience of, is Information. All kinds of energy, matter, complex information, everything we can find in the Universe, particles, light, rocks, galaxies, the cells of our organs, our bodies, our thoughts, dreams, emotions, the models, the representations of Reality that we incessantly build to know and act in our complex lives, the whole Reality… Everything is Information in evolution, that, under the incessant action of the Fundamental Force, organizes, transforms and selects itself in an endless metabolic cycle that we call the Cycle of Information. This is the central cycle of the Process of Formation of Reality, the true evolutive engine of Reality.

The evolution of Information from the basic level of the Elementary Field, the enhanced space time field, to the more and more complex levels of energy and matter, to the physical structures that compose the Universe, to the even more complex bodies of living beings, to their cognitive systems, is the evolution of the whole physical and cognitive Reality.

In the terms of the elements of the main causal chain, Reality can be seen as the evolution of a system in which an input, the Force, acting of the Field, operates transitions (Action) of the states of the system itself (producing new Information), under a set of evolving conditions (existing Information), producing, in output, more and more complex different configurations (Forms). This simple definition embodies all the fundamental aspects of Reality in the terms of Existence and Essence, of Creation and Evolution.

??? So, important for the right comprehension of the nature of Information is the relationship between these two concepts: Action and Information, with particular reference to the distinction between the fundamental concepts of variation (change, event, flux, transition) and state (organization, configuration, snapshot). Action is the variation of a field moving from one state to another, while Information is the state that changes.

The key element to distinguish between the dynamic aspects, the changes, and the static ones, the states, is time, one of the three dimensions of Reality. Only sectioning the flux of Reality in the time dimension we can get Information about it. No Information is available, is observable, measurable, during the occurring of the events. Only slicing the events in successive snapshots, we can get the (partial) results of the concatenate transitions that lead a system from one state to the successive. It is not a case that the quantitative relation between Action and Energy (as we will see here under, a basic form of Information) is represented by the time. In this basic distinction, in its interaction with uncertainty, lies the key of one of the elusive problems of Quantum Mechanics, the fundamental limit to the precision with which two complementary variables can be known.

Action is the process where a field moves from one state to another. Change Flux change of state - the act of changing something into something different in essential characteristics change - the action of changing something; State Stock a unique configuration of information in a program or machine, a snapshot of the measure of various conditions in the system, a complete description of a system in classical mechanics, a set of physical quantities describing variable properties of a given system, it describes the organization of matter in a phase, a state is a fixed rule describing the time dependence of a point in a geometrical space. is a technical term for all the stored information, at a given instant in time, Input

   Finite input: An automaton that accepts only finite sequence of symbols. The above introductory definition only encompasses finite words.
   Infinite input: An automaton that accepts infinite words (ω-words). Such automata are called ω-automata.
   Tree word input: The input may be a tree of symbols instead of sequence of symbols. In this case after reading each symbol, the automaton reads all the successor symbols in the input tree. It is said that the automaton makes one copy of itself for each successor and each such copy starts running on one of the successor symbol from the state according to the transition relation of the automaton. Such an automaton is called a tree automaton.
   Infinite tree input : The two extensions above can be combined, so the automaton reads a tree structure with (in)finite branches. Such an automaton is called an infinite tree automaton

States

   Finite states: An automaton that contains only a finite number of states. The above introductory definition describes automata with finite numbers of states.
   Infinite states: An automaton that may not have a finite number of states, or even a countable number of states. For example, the quantum finite automaton or topological automaton has uncountable infinity of states.
   Stack memory: An automaton may also contain some extra memory in the form of a stack in which symbols can be pushed and popped. This kind of automaton is called a pushdown automaton

Transition function

   Deterministic: For a given current state and an input symbol, if an automaton can only jump to one and only one state then it is a deterministic automaton.
   Nondeterministic: An automaton that, after reading an input symbol, may jump into any of a number of states, as licensed by its transition relation. Notice that the term transition function is replaced by transition relation: The automaton non-deterministically decides to jump into one of the allowed choices. Such automata are called nondeterministic automata.
   Alternation: This idea is quite similar to tree automaton, but orthogonal. The automaton may run its multiple copies on the same next read symbol. Such automata are called alternating automata. Acceptance condition must satisfy all runs of such copies to accept the input.

Acceptance condition

   Acceptance of finite words: Same as described in the informal definition above.
   Acceptance of infinite words: an omega automaton cannot have final states, as infinite words never terminate. Rather, acceptance of the word is decided by looking at the infinite sequence of visited states during the run.
   Probabilistic acceptance: An automaton need not strictly accept or reject an input. It may accept the input with some probability between zero and one. For example, quantum finite automaton, geometric automaton and metric automaton have probabilistic acceptance.

The internal state variables are the smallest possible subset of system variables that can represent the entire state of the system at any given time. States can be viewed as noncommutative generalizations of probability measures. systems are stochastic, in that random events also affect the evolution of the state variables. Dynamical system… Stochastic process…

At each level of Reality, Information manifests itself in apparently different ways, even if it always consists in schemes, patterns of organization of the events that constitutes the Reality at each considered level, a dynamic state that has the ability to organize events. Now, to make the meaning and the sense of this wide concept, we will try to figure the fundamental ways in which Information manifest itself.

The basic process is very simple and acts in various and infinite forms. A force acts on a field producing a variation. We call action the act of producing a variation in a field (so, action is an event or a set of events occurring in a force-field interaction). As seen, the simplest form of action is the formation of a gradient, a local inhomogeneity, an anisotropy in that field. A gradient is a temporary or permanent local state of the field, the former form of Information. It has in itself the ability to produce events (i.e. the ability of the local domain of the field in which the gradient manifest itself to react to the formation of that inhomogeneity trying to re-create the state of homogeneity). While Action is the Force acting on the Field, the Events, the variations of the field while occurring, Information, in its simplest forms that we call Energy, is the result, the product of the Action, of the events. Energy, in its simplest forms, is a state of inhomogeneity of the Field.

In this sense, Let’s say that Information appears as a state in which we can recognize a trapped force, ready to re-act if the conditions of the field allow it. In a general sense, we can think about this state as potential energy, trapped force ready to express itself producing events, variations in the state of a field. As known, in the act of “react”, potential energy transform itself in expressed energy (i.e. kinetic energy).

Energy and work… Starting at the most elementary level, in the true factory of Reality, the Source, where the Force interacts with the Field producing Action, and in a more general sense comprehending all the PFR, we can recognize two fundamental forms of work:

• the creative work, root of the creative process, the creation of Action,
• the evolutive work, root of the evolutive process, the evolution of Information, the ability to organize Action.

Always at the most elementary level of Reality, with respect to the Elementary Events that constitutes the Action, we can define Information as the ability to modify the distribution of the fluctuations of the point events of the Field (the micro-states that represent the dynamics of the same point events and the space time domain that collect them):

• to modify or organize Perturbation means to alter the intensity of the tiny fluctuations of the space time or, in other words, of the mass (negative Perturbation) or dark energy (positive Perturbation) density, producing a variation of the local point value of the temperature of the Field (), or a variation in the velocity of propagation of Information in the Field (speed of light), or a local variation in the metrics of space time (Principle of Equivalence);
• to modify or organize Translation means to modify the direction of the tiny fluctuations of the space time, or, in other words, the motion condition of the information hosted by the considered point event, producing some amount of orientation of the direction of motion;
• to modify or organize Rotation can express two different, even if connected, meanings. The first, modify or organize the chirality of Rotation means to modify the vorticity (the curl) of the tiny fluctuations of the space time, or, in other words, the electric charge manifested by the considered point event, producing some amount of torsion of the space time; at the same time. The second, means to alter the orientation of the axis of the vorticity, of the torsion of space time, or, in other words, the magnetic moment (spin) manifested by the considered point event.

The capability to support Information is a fundamental property of the Elementary Field of Action, the space-time field, and all the Structures and the Forms that stems from the organization of the Action that animate it.

Energy (as complex energy, different from the Elementary Energy related to the Action of the Field) is a form of Information. For extension, we commonly define Energy as the ability to perform work (to produce variations in a field).

In Evolutionary Physics, we intend the term Information in a broader sense than in common or scientific language. Here Information is all that exist in the Universe, but the Source At the end, Information is the entity that gives form. So, we can affirm that all that exists, of which we can make experience, we can “measure”, is Information. (the fundamental causal sequence of reality | Force, Action, Information, Form |) Information. In – form - action. Everything that gives shape to the Action. Object and subject of the formative sub-process, it participates to the "metabolic Cycle of the Information", the real evolutive engine of the Reality. The cycle is product of the action, from the work of three operators derived by the REL operator: Organization, Transformation, Selection. As seen, the elementary Information "emerges" from the Field like relation between the fundamental parameters of the points/events, to which are associated the micro-states. Emerging Information is the essence of the formative process, like emerging fluctuations in the distributions of the elementary perturbations of the Field constitutes the essence of the creative process of the existence.