Talk:TFNR - 3.2.1 Cause and Causality

Cause is the root of the causality, of the causal dimension, the way in which we observe Reality in the direction of the expressions of forces acting on fields. Forces (the Fundamental Force and the derived forces) are the cause of emergence of Reality, in the form of variation, events “on” the space-time.

In the field of Evolutionary Knowledge, we intend cause as a force that acts, and causality (causation, cause and effect relation) as the expression of agency. The efficacy, that connects the cause, the force, with the acted, the field, producing effects, events, action, intended as a variation of the state (the configuration, the organization) of the acted, the field.

More in general, causality is fundament of the formation of Reality, that indicates how the existence is created and the essence (the form) of Reality evolves. An abstraction that indicates how the world progresses, a basic concept that can explain other, less fundamental, concepts, but cannot be explained by other, more basic, concepts.

Properties

• Cause as a point of view: cause is not an entity. It is a way of observing Reality. It happens, as everything else. Causality defines how the causal agents, the forces, express themselves, how they produce action, acting on fields. So, the causal dimension relates to how Action manifests itself and behaves creating Reality, in the incessant transmutation of the Possible in Actual.

• Causal efficacy: causes produce effects, in other words, forces produce events, variations in/of the fields Causality is one of the most fundamental and essential notions of physics. Causal efficacy cannot propagate faster than light. Otherwise, reference coordinate systems could be constructed (using the Lorentz transform of special relativity) in which an observer would see an effect precede its cause (i.e. the postulate of causality would be violated). One viewpoint on this question is that cause and effect are of one and the same kind of entity, with causality an asymmetric relation between them. every cause and every effect is respectively some process, event, becoming, or happening. • The object of causation, causality, is the happening of events. So, we can say that forces cause events. • Cause as a physical quantity: as a point of view on Reality, on the manifestations of forces in action, is a fundamental quantity in physics (the force) • abs - rel • Cause as a measure of complexity: The metric of Reality in the causal dimension can be seen as the level of complexity of the organization of events that compose the processes realizing the structure, the form we are observing.

Perspectives

• Onto: in an ontological perspective, we can say that only one entity can be a cause: the Fundamental Force, the former cause (in a strictly causal sense) and the derived forces that manifest themselves at the various levels of Reality. And only one entity can be an effect: the Elementary Field and the derived field that again, as the corresponding and coupled forces, manifest themselves at the various levels of Reality. A field represents an effect in the sense of the variation of a state of the field itself.

• Pheno: the hypothesized cause and the hypothesized effect are each temporally transient processes. For example, force is a useful concept for the explanation of acceleration, but force is not by itself a cause. More is needed. For example, a temporally transient process might be characterized by a definite change of force at a definite time. Such a process can be regarded as a cause. Causality is not inherently implied in equations of motion, but postulated as an additional constraint that needs to be satisfied (i.e. a cause always precedes its effect). This constraint has mathematical implications[36] such as the Kramers-Kronig relations.

• Dyna: Dynamics is classically intended as the part of physics that studies the causes of motion. So, we can here extend this concept, intending cause, in a dynamical perspective, as the way in which the Source manifest its active power in the formation of Reality. Dynamics is classically the realm of forces that produce variations in the motion. We can now say that dynamics is the realm of the Fundamental Force and the derived forces that act on the Elementary Field and the derived fields, producing events, variations.

the Causal notions appear in the context of the flow of mass-energy. For example, it is commonplace to argue that causal efficacy can be propagated by waves (such as electromagnetic waves) only if they propagate no faster than light. Wave packets have group velocity and phase velocity. For waves that propagate causal efficacy, both of these must travel no faster than light. Thus light waves often propagate causal efficacy but de Broglie waves often have phase velocity faster than light and consequently cannot be propagating causal efficacy.

Nature, essence and mode of existence

Fundamental causal relations

• Existence relation • Cause-effect relation • Probabilistic causation A mere observation of a correlation is not nearly adequate to establish causality. • Complex causation • Causal Evolution For the scientific investigation of efficient causality, the cause and effect are each best conceived of as temporally transient processes.

Geometrical significance Causality has the properties of antecedence and contiguity.[6][7] These are topological, and are ingredients for space-time geometry. As developed by Alfred Robb, these properties allow the derivation of the notions of time and space.[8] Max Jammer writes "the Einstein postulate ... opens the way to a straightforward construction of the causal topology ... of Minkowski space."[9] Causal efficacy propagates no faster than light.[10] Thus, the notion of causality is metaphysically prior to the notions of time and space.

Absolute and Relative cause

Cause-FF and causes-forces

Cause Space and Time: a continuous framework

Representation of cause and force: In an epistemological perspective, Since causality is a subtle metaphysical notion, considerable effort is needed to establish knowledge of it in particular empirical circumstances. Causal notions are important in general relativity to the extent that the existence of an arrow of time demands that the universe's semi-Riemannian manifold be orientable, so that "future" and "past" are globally definable quantities. In some sciences, it is very difficult or nearly impossible to set up material states of affairs that closely test hypotheses of causality. Such sciences can in some sense be regarded as "softer".