Talk:TFNR - 10.3 A brief history of the Universe

This section proposes a synthetic vision of the creation and the evolution of the Universe, the whole history of the formation of Physical Reality in a glimpse. An attempt to put together everything we have described so far. Only for description purposes, in the history of the Universe we can ideally identify different and successive phases, though the process of formation is continuous, incessant, even not linear. The main causal steps of the evolution of the Universe, the history of Reality: • From Nothingness to quantum vacuum • The auto organization of quantum vacuum • The appearing of primordial structures • The evolution of the structures of Dark Matter • The formation of the Dark Matter cosmic web • The formation of Ordinary Matter • The interaction between Dark and Ordinary Matter structures • The formation of cosmic complex proto structures • Spatial and temporal aspects, the problem of horizon • Dark energy and the cosmic expansion • The evolution of the shape of the Universe • Universe: which future? A short description of each step follows, with a particular attention to the connection with the dynamics of the Fundamental Force and the Elementary Field, and their former and more elementary causal expression, the Elementary Action, in its three components: Perturbation, Translation and Rotation.

From Nothingness to quantum vacuum From the Source of Reality, through the interaction of the Force (the causal source of existence) and the Field (the space time source), the Elementary Action (the Elementary Events, the fluctuations of space time) incessantly emerges from nothingness, the absolute homogeneity. To start and push on the formation of Reality, there is only need of two components: a field and a force. In particular, we refer to the fundamental Field, in its basic state that we call “Nothingness”, absolute homogeneity, and to the fundamental Force, the causal source of Reality. The Field is the passive counterpart of the Force, and the Force is the active counterpart of the Field. They can’t be separate. There is no causal order between them, and, further, we can’t really say that they exist. In effect, the Field and the Force, as a unity, are the causal antecedents of existence. The Field, so to speak, is the space time aspect of the Process of Formation of Reality, the Force is the causal agent of Reality, the fuel of the Process. The Reality, the Universe in Evolution, is the causal content. The causal product of the PFR is the increasing complexity of Reality, the rising amount of Information that gives structure to the Field, forming a more and more complex Universe. The incessant action of the Force mediates the fundamental phase transition of the Field between “non-existence” and “existence”, perturbing the absolute homogeneity of the Nothingness, creating the most elementary form of existence: the Elementary Action. So, the existence incessantly emerges from the Nothingness through the perturbation of its homogeneity, the Field of Nothingness becoming the Field of Elementary Action. So, the beginning of the process that we call Reality, is a null time event, that incessantly replicate itself in every moment of the evolution of the Universe. So, we can say that Reality and the Universe, the section of Reality that we call “present”, is a process without a real beginning, because the time itself, the temporal dimension, is emerged and incessantly emerges from the Field itself, in the phase transition between Nothingness, the complete homogeneity, and the Field of Action in a non-organized state, the quantum vacuum, the former differentiation and the most elementary form of existence, caused by the Force. The auto organization of quantum vacuum Auto organization of Elementary Action, the fluctuations of the Elementary Field, with their three expressions: Perturbation, Translation, Rotation: former gradients, fluxes and vortices. Stochastic process??? Space and time dimensions emerges as the Field side counterparts of the causal dimension embodied by the Force. The appearing of the primordial structures Emergence of the former Structures of Information in the Field. Elementary Action evolves with more and more complex events, more complex structures of Information evolving from the former gradients, fluxes and vortices. Now, let take a look to the development and evolution of the primordial structures emerged in the Universe. As stated above, the state of complete homogeneity, that we call Nothingness, in which the Force is not acting, lets place to the Field of Elementary Action, in which, by the action of the Force, the local divergence from homogeneity represent the Elementary Events. The Force incessantly manifest itself acting this transition, in a condition of absence of dimensions. This is the first causal expression, in an absolutely homogeneous metric field, where no spatial and temporal dimensions are appeared yet. This is the first level of existence, space and time, phenomena created by the allontanamento from homogeneity, are far to appear. The evolution of the structures of Dark Matter The emergence of chirality and the matter/antimatter balance precursor From the primordial structures to the large structures in the Field that we identify in dark matter cosmic web, the same elementary process manifests the Action of the Force. It is the dynamics of the Field and the fundamental operators that work at this elementary level of Reality, “Action, Translation and Rotation”. The expressions of these three operators at the level of the Field are respectively “perturbation, propagation and vorticity”, the corresponding physical phenomena: “mass, motion and charge/spin”. The interaction between these operators, in a very long time, produced more and more extended vortex structures, characterized by low values of Action, i.e. low mass densities, that started to fill the whole infinite space of the Universe in formation. These low mass density structures, progressively growing and filling the whole infinite space, interacting each other in complex dynamics, rotating in the space with their peculiar clockwise or anti-clockwise sinistrorsa o destrorsa vorticity, can be seen as super particles spread in the cosmos, characterized by properties like mass (with extremely low densities, as above mentioned), charge (the chirality of their vorticity), spin (the axis of rotation) Their shape can be no strictly spherical, if the dynamics of the formation of the structure itself, or the interactions with the nearby structures, impose it a different shape. These halos can incorporate other halos with a higher density, in a nested hierarchy Properties and dynamics of dark matter structures The formation of the Dark Matter cosmic web

The formation of Ordinary Matter We can expect to find a huge amount of ordinary matter particles distributed in all the halo as a rarefied gas of ionized hydrogen (a proton) moving consistently with the slow rotation of the halo, with a little motion toward its plane of rotation of the halo itself, influenced by the intense and variable magnetic fields produced by the distribution and the dynamics of the charged particles moving in the halo. (see article…) In other words, according to this model of creation of ordinary matter, we expect to find all the space of the dark matter bubble, the halo that will host a forming and then evolving galaxy, engulfed by a huge amount of diffuse hydrogen, representing a large part of the future galaxy’s baryonic mass. The interaction between Dark and Ordinary Matter structures

The formation of cosmic complex proto structures Stars, black holes, galaxies, super massive black holes, galaxy clusters, etc. Spatial and temporal aspects, the problem of horizon

Dark Energy and the cosmic expansion It is proportional to the complexity of the organization of space time, more structures, more mass, more dark energy, more expansion. The interaction of dark structures form more ordinary matter, more mass. The velocity of light lowers, the space expands. The evolution of the shape of the Universe

Universe: which future? The end of the process that we call Reality, never will happen, if the Force will continue to act, creating the existence and powering the evolution of the Information. If the Force will end is formative activity, the causal, spatial and temporal dimensions will vanish in Nothingness. No cognitive systems shall detect the evidence of the end. There is a huge probability that, as in the past we couldn’t identify an instant in which the Force didn’t act, so in the future nobody could identify such a condition of no action of the Force. We suppose that the Force had always acted and ever will act. So we describe the Reality as a process never started, that will never end. A process continuous all the fundamental dimensions, causal, spatial and temporal, in which structures of Information (the pattern of correlation between the micro-states, or, in other words, the organization of the elementary events) emerge, aggregate, disaggregate, in a never ending evolution that produce more and more complex events, that realize the forms, the inanimate objects and the living being that we see in the Universe. - - The Field is a metric space-time continuum in which its fundamental property, the metric, is perturbed by the Force. This means that the Field in the state of Nothingness, in absence of the action of the Force, as stated above, can be hypothetically represented as an absolutely homogeneous metric field (space-time distances are fixed at every dimensional scale). With the Force in action, the space-time metric is perturbed, in the sense that spatial and temporal distances are not fixed, but fluctuate with a specific stochastic distribution, determined by the intensity of the Force and the resistance of the Field to the perturbing action (Principle of Uncertainty). In the conventional physics, this elementary field is identified both as the General Relativity space-time continuous metric field and the quantum vacuum of the Quantum Mechanics. With a common and picturesque expression, we can say that the Field, the space-time, is boiling, animated by the Force. In this sense, we can associate an absolute point temperature to each point event, and a domain mean temperature to any space-time domain of any amplitude. As we will see in a section below, this is the true nature of the temperature showed by the CMB. Fluctuations of the Field represent the Elementary Action. They are the Elementary Events, product of the incessant creative activity of the Force. Every fluctuation, every event, consist in an expansion of the point event metric, expansion of the space and temporal infinitesimal distance at the Planck scale. The metric of the neighbourhood of the expanded point event is compressed according to the expansion/contraction of each surrounding point. This expansion/contraction events incessantly create micro-gradients in the space-time metric, gradients with a very short life in absence of stable patterns of organization that can conserve them. The Action is the root of the Field phenomenon that we call mass. It is the essence of the material aspects of Physical Reality. (Inertia? Definition>>) The Field reacts to each Elementary Event of expansion/contraction with a reaction directed to restore the homogeneity, to smooth the elementary metric micro-gradients (Principle of Action and Reaction). This reaction manifests itself as a set of Translation events that consist in action of expansions/contractions directed from the contracted points to the expanded ones. In other words, it consist in a reorientation of the elementary events in the direction of the metric gradient, to restore homogeneity. It is an elementary form of diffusion, in which there aren’t matter particles, atoms or molecules that diffuse until they reach an equilibrium state, but is the space-time its self, or better its metric, that react to the expansion/compression events in directions directed to restore the homogeneity. The more elementary structures characterized by Translation are called Waves. They are vectors of energy. The Translation is the root of the Field phenomenon that we call motion. It is the essence of the dynamical aspects of Physical Reality.

The interactions between different Translation events converging in a point or a very small space-time domain generate Rotation events that, even if composed by Translation event directed to restore homogeneity, for their vortex spatial shape and their dynamics, tend to conserve in the time the gradients of the metric, the local divergence from homogeneity (Principle of Minimum Action). We can think to them as to curve or loop gradients. If the conditions of equilibrium (the field equation that set the values of the field parameters, mass, charge, spin, etc., corresponding to the possibility to conserve the local state of inhomogeneity), as in the case of the stables matter particles, are satisfied, the structure can survive in the Field, acquiring causal permanence. The more elementary structures characterized by Rotation are vortices. There are both bi-dimensional (cavitations like gluons or flat like neutrinos) and three-dimensional (like quark and leptons hadrons-neutrinos? particles) vortices. They are vectors of energy and mass. The Rotation is the root of the Field phenomenon that we call charge. It is the essence of the conservative aspects of Physical Reality and electrical phenomena. The orientation of the axis of Rotation events, that we can call spin, is the essence of magnetic phenomena. 

Together, the so called events of Action, Translation and Rotation, with their properties counterparts, mass, motion, charge and spin, realise all the aspects of physical entities that we call waves and vortices, i.e. radiation and particles. Each point of space-time continuum can be represented as a micro-state, whose dynamics can be described by a scalar (Action), a tensor (Translation) and a spinor (Rotation). This complex structure can completely describe the dynamics of a point in the Field.

Relation between micro-states, the correlation between the elementary events (A-T-R - Action, Translation and Rotation) of the points and the space-time domains of the Field, represent the Information, the entity that give form to the Universe, from the most elementary level of the Field of Action to the complex structures and forms that compose the Universe (Principle of Relation). So, micro-states are the most elementary support of Information, the effective substance (in the sense of the entity that stay under, not in the sense of matter) of the Universe. All that exist is Information that gives form to the Action in the Field. In other words, relation, the correlation between the elementary events is the most elementary form of organization that we can find in the Reality. It is the true nature of Information, and the fundament of the existence and the evolution of the Universe. Correlation between Action in a space-time domain gives us the phenomenon that we call mass. So, materiality, solidity, is a phenomenon based on the Field properties of mass and inertia. Correlation between Translation in a space-time domain give us the phenomenon that we call motion. Motion is the propagation of the perturbations in the Field. Correlation between Rotation in a space-time domain give us the phenomenon that we call charge. Electric charge is a phenomenon based on the vorticity of the perturbations in the Field. Correlation between the axis of Rotation in a space-time domain give us the phenomenon that we call spin. Spin is a phenomenon based of the orientation of the axis of the vorticity of the perturbations in the Field. Formation is an incessant process. Incessant are the sub-process of Creation, that produce Action, Translation and Rotation, and the sub-process of Evolution, that produce Information. Information can be organized in Structures of Information, that compose the inanimate and the living Forms of the Universe. The auto-organization of the relations between the micro-states of the Field of Action, i.e. the correlations between Action, Translation and Rotation, is the fundament of Evolution of Reality at the most elementary level. The auto-organization of the Elementary Events is based on the interaction of the causality that incessantly creates new Action, and the causal action of the micro-structures already formed. So, the Force expressing through the Action in the Field incessantly forms new micro-structures, events a little more complex, composed by the interactions of a set of correlated elementary events (Principle of Organization). This micro-structures have a very short life. They are incessantly transformed and destroyed by the interaction between the new casual Action and the other micro-structures formed and present in the Field environment (Principle of Transformation). Only micro-structures that reach a more stable form (i.e. a wave or a vortex) can manifest causal permanence, in other words have an extension in the causal, spatial and temporal dimensions (Principle of Selection). The joint expression of this three principles realise Evolution, the Cycle of Information, at the most elementary levels of Reality. In other words, the interaction between the anabolic processes of Organization, and the catabolic processes of Transformation forms more and more complex and spatially / temporary extended events, the input of the selection processes, that ensures the causal permanence of the events compatible with the existing Reality. Complex events, or macro events, complex interactions between more elementary events, support more complex Information, represented by the relations between the interacting events. More and more complex structures of Information that organize the elementary event that constitute the Field, space-time domains in which micro-states are in some measure correlated in their A-T-R attributes. This phenomenon, the (auto) organization, transformation and selection of the Structures of Information, the patterns of correlation of the Elementary Events, is the fundament of the formation and the evolution of Reality and the Universe. The end of the process that we call Reality, never will happen, if the Force will continue to act, creating the existence and powering the evolution of the Information. If the Force will end is formative activity, the causal, spatial and temporal dimensions will vanish in Nothingness. No cognitive systems shall detect the evidence of the end. There is a huge probability that, as in the past we couldn’t identify an instant in which the Force didn’t act, so in the future nobody could identify such a condition of no action of the Force. We suppose that the Force had always acted and ever will act. So we describe the Reality as a process never started, that will never end. A process continuous all the fundamental dimensions, causal, spatial and temporal, in which structures of Information (the pattern of correlation between the micro-states, or, in other words, the organization of the elementary events) emerge, aggregate, disaggregate, in a never ending evolution that produce more and more complex events, that realize the forms, the inanimate objects and the living being that we see in the Universe. Processes of formation of ordinary matter The interaction between dark and ordinary matter structures Formation of the cosmic complex proto structures, stars, black holes, galaxies, super massive black holes, galaxy clusters, etc. Spatial and temporal aspects, the problem of horizon The expansion of the Universe phenomenon and the dark energy The shape of the Universe The probable evolution of the Universe SULLE IDEE Uno dei risultati più importanti della ricerca scientifica dell’ultimo secolo è la convinzione dell’esistenza di un evento che rappresenta l’inizio dello spazio e del tempo, il cosiddetto big bang, che sarebbe avvenuto circa 15 miliardi di anni fa. Questo concetto, che è dato oggi per scontato, costituisce una vera e propria moderna cosmogonia. In accordo a questo modello, si ritiene che né lo spazio né il tempo avessero un significato per tempi precedenti a questo momento iniziale. A sostegno di questa tesi vengono portate numerose argomentazioni, riconducibili essenzialmente a tre concetti fondamentali, sostenuti da “prove” ritenute inequivocabili e da una ampia messe di risultati osservativi. Ci riferiamo in particolare alla distribuzione della radiazione cosmica di fondo a microonde, all’espansione dell’Universo e alla abbondanza degli elementi primordiali. Esisterebbe, quindi, un istante preciso a partire dal quale l’universo è venuto all’esistenza o è stato creato. Nulla esisteva prima di esso. La creazione sarebbe avvenuta in un brevissimo istante. In un tempo incredibilmente breve il tutto si sarebbe formato in una immane esplosione di energia. Energia e materia, a partire da un aggregato informe, a creare via via strutture sempre più complesse, galassie, stelle, pianeti e molti altri oggetti enigmatici, in un processo evolutivo, sino ad arrivare a tutta l’immensa complessità dell’Universo odierno. Questo modello si è affermato presso la comunità scientifica e, abbondantemente propagandato, anche presso il pubblico, come verità assoluta e incontrovertibile, nonostante i segnali di crisi e le “acrobazie” teoriche che si sono rese necessarie per accogliere al suo interno osservazioni spesso discordanti, o quantomeno poco intonate. Ci riferiamo, in particolare, alla struttura di grande scala del cosmo e all’uniformità della radiazione di fondo a microonde che hanno spinto allo sviluppo della teoria inflazionaria, e alla osservazione di galassie e di ammassi già perfettamente formati ed organizzati, e quindi alquanto “precoci”, in un universo troppo giovane. Dal tono di questa breve premessa si sarà compreso che non concordiamo con questa teoria, che consideriamo nulla più che una ipotesi di lavoro, nata dalla spinta tutta umana a cercare un senso all’origine della realtà in uno spettacolare evento o atto creativo. Né concordiamo con altre teorie, che dopo alterne fortune, sono state spazzate via da quella del big bang. Proveremo qui a esporre un’ipotesi alternativa, che si fonda sui principi sviluppati nell’ambito della disciplina che chiamiamo Fisica Evoluzionistica e che, in estrema sintesi, consiste nella estensione del paradigma evoluzionistico a tutti gli ambiti dell’indagine sulla Realtà. Cercheremo, quindi, di delineare una “cosmogonia evoluzionistica”, nuova e, allo stesso tempo, antica, poiché intrisa di concetti e idee che emergono dalle tradizioni culturali di tutti i popoli, da antichi sistemi di conoscenza religiosi e filosofici.

LA SORGENTE DELL’ESISTENZA Il principio non fu il principio. Il tempo doveva ancora venire all’esistenza. Il principio non fu un punto. Lo spazio doveva ancora venire all’esistenza. Il principio non fu un effetto. La causa doveva ancora venire all’esistenza. Il principio non esiste. L’esistenza doveva ancora venire all’esistenza. Come può la mente ragionare del prima, dell’ove, del perchè, del nulla, dell’inesistente; la mente che è figlia dell’esistenza. Il mistero dei misteri, l’unico, l’inviolabile. C’è chi lo chiama Dio. In principio era la Forza. La Forza e la sua diretta manifestazione: un Campo di infinita, incessante, fluttuazione. Tutto ciò che occorre per creare un Universo in evoluzione. In un sempre senza tempo, in un ovunque senza spazio, in un perchè senza causa, nacque la Realtà, e con essa lo spazio, il tempo, la causalità. E la Forza manifestò la primaria esistenza, il primo atto, l’Azione elementare. Prima differenziazione, microgradienti nel Campo. Il caos primigenio. Il vuoto. Alcuni oggi parlano di caos quantistico, alla scala di Planck. E la creazione, incessante, continua, che mantiene all’esistenza la Realtà, da sempre e per sempre, ovunque e in nessun luogo. Se cessasse l’Azione della Forza, nulla esisterebbe più, e la Realtà sarebbe come mai esistita, poiché nulla e nessuno esisterebbe ancora, che potesse mantenerne traccia o ricordo. Due principi fondamentali, attributi della Forza, l’essenza della dinamica e della conservazione, iniziarono ad operare producendo i primi effetti: Azione e Reazione - sorgente della Traslazione, archetipo del moto, e Minima Azione - sorgente della Rotazione, archetipo della massa. Un processo infinito nello spazio e nel tempo, causale, evolutivo, iniziò così a svolgersi, riempiendo il Campo di eventi, sempre più complessi. Un Campo infinito, eterno e illimitato, senza inizio e senza fine. Senza inizio giacché il tempo non esisteva ancora alla sua nascita. Senza fine poiché la sua esistenza è indipendente dalle sorti delle forme cui dà vita, insensibile ai destini delle forme che lo popolano. Oggi alcuni chiamano “caos quantistico” questo campo, ribollente di eventi elementari. La relazione tra le forme più elementari di Azione, Traslazione e Rotazione, che rappresentano gli Eventi elementari, costituisce il substrato dell’Informazione. Nulla esiste che non sia Informazione. Solo il Campo dell’Azione, il senza forma, emanazione diretta della Forza. Ogni forma esistente è Azione in Forma, o In-Forma-Azione... Informazione. Il tempo iniziò “lentamente” a scorrere, lo spazio “localmente” a essere teatro degli eventi. Sempre più eventi, sempre più veloce lo scorrere del tempo, sempre più eventi, sempre più frazionato e connesso lo spazio, sempre più eventi, sempre più cause, sempre più complessità, e così via in un crescendo evolutivo. NEL MONDO DELLE FORME Nell’illimitato e infinito Campo dell’Azione, flussi e vortici di Eventi elementari, micro-stati caratterizzati dai loro attributi Azione, Traslazione e Rotazione, iniziarono a turbinare creando strutture sempre più estese nello spazio e nel tempo. La conquista della persistenza causale, che genera catene di effetti, di nuove strutture di Informazione nello spazio-tempo. Iniziarono a formarsi bolle, vortici sempre più grandi, immensi, conquistando, organizzando via via il Campo, lo spazio-tempo. Oggi alcuni chiamano queste bolle immense “materia oscura”. Quando tutto lo spazio fu riempito di tali bolle in rotazione, flussi sempre più intensi scuotevano le superfici di interazione delle bolle. Così nacque la prevalenza della chiralità, che portò alla attuale prevalenza della materia sull’anti-materia. Lo spazio-tempo ribolliva letteralmente di Strutture vorticose di un’ampia varietà dimensionale. Raggiunto un dato livello di attivazione, di agitazione, diremmo una sufficiente “temperatura”, iniziò una impetuosa attività di formazione di materia ordinaria. Coppie di microvortici carichi, prontamente separati dalle fortissime polarizzazioni connaturate ai flussi generatori, iniziarono a popolare le superfici esterne delle bolle e, raffreddatesi, a precipitare verso i centri delle bolle che erano state parti attive della loro formazione. Le culle delle prime galassie, giganteschi laboratori gravitazionali, ruote immense pronte ad accogliere Strutture di informazione, onde e particelle, atomi e molecole, nubi di gas, ad organizzarle in strutture più complesse, in rotazione attorno a un centro, vortici cosmici in formazione. Aggregare, organizzare, mentre ancora negli spazi tra le bolle gli immensi flussi producevano altra materia. Il cosmo si riempiva così di intensi flussi di radiazione, di onde, rischiarando e riscaldando immense nubi di gas e favorendone l’aggregazione. E in tutto questo tempo e ancora per sempre, tutta questa dinamica universale produceva un sordo rumore di fondo, omogeneo e pervasivo, che ancora oggi continua a riempire il cosmo: una radiazione di fondo diffusa, la vibrazione incessante del Campo e delle strutture che lo popolano, la temperatura dell’assoluto. E ancora bolle galattiche in formazione entravano e iniziavano una lenta caduta in bolle ancora più grandi, immense, a costituire i primi ammassi, attratti verso punti inspiegabilmente vuoti, senza materia ordinaria visibile, centri di gravità delle bolle di materia oscura che li ospitavano. E ondate successive di formazione stellare produssero gas e polveri di elementi sempre più pesanti, in una corsa corale verso complessità crescenti, strutture composite nate dalla relazione tra strutture più semplici, più elementari. Sempre più massa, oscura e ordinaria, portò l’universo verso un nuovo equilibrio. L’aumento della massa delle grandi bolle vorticose ne produsse la progressiva contrazione. La pressione tra le immense bolle per l’espansione nello spazio esistente diminuì. I tumultuosi flussi generatori di materia si attenuarono a poco a poco e l’intesa fase di formazione di materia ordinaria si ridusse, quasi a poco a poco si arrestò.

Contemporaneamente, l’aumento della massa delle bolle di materia oscura, dovuta anche al precipitare verso i centri di gravità di grandi quantità di materia oscura e ordinaria in forma di bolle galattiche e ammassi, per la natura stessa della massa, implicava un incremento della diminuzione generalizzata della velocità di propagazione dell’informazione, grandezza che viene comunemente chiamata “velocità della luce”. L’espansione cosmica sembrava quindi iniziare ad accelerare, contemporaneamente a un marcato rallentamento della formazione, dell’accrescimento e della fusione delle galassie, e una diminuzione del tasso di formazione stellare. Veniva, infatti, a mancare quel flusso continuo e incessante di nuova materia ordinaria, che per miliardi di anni aveva prodotto una intensa formazione di stelle, di galassie e di ammassi. Maggiore la massa, ordinaria e oscura, minore il valore limite della velocità della luce, maggiore l’espansione apparente del cosmo. Un sistema complesso che si autoregola, aggiustando finemente i parametri essenziali della realtà fisica, le costanti fondamentali della natura: la massa totale dell’universo, la velocità della luce, il valore dell’energia oscura e il rapporto tra la materia ordinaria e la materia oscura. La materia che costituisce l’Universo si esprime, per così dire, all’interno di strette regole definite a priori, che pre-esistono e determinano la sua evoluzione. Il comportamento della materia è invariante nello spazio e nel tempo. L’universo continua a evolvere in maniera unitaria e coerente, un unico tutto, una sola direzione: uni-verso.