TFNR - Superposition
In quantum mechanics, technically, superposition is a fundamental principle of that states that combinations of solutions to the Schrödinger equation are also solutions of the Schrödinger equation.
The problem is that quantum measurements always give defined outcomes, not a superposition of them as predicted by the Schrödinger equation. This strange situation, combined with the essentially indeterminate nature of reality at quantum level, is at the heart of the measurement problem, however you want to look at it and explain it. In an attempt to explain this weirdness, various interpretations of QM have been developed, none of which seems to satisfy the form of realism proposed here (local indeterministic realism).
In my opinion, the representation of quantum objects and dynamic properties that are called quantum states is really wrong. Let's take a particle, for example an electron. It is considered an elementary particle, not further divisible. And indeed it is, no further divisible. But its structure is not punctiform, or extended, but monolithic, homogeneous, etc.
Again. Despite its fame, the electron is a complex object, not in the sense that it is composed of parts, but in the sense that it is neither a point-like object (without spatial extension) nor a homogeneous object spread over a volume of space. Mass, Motion, Charge, Spin (Energy / Information), and even better Perturbation, Translation, Rotation:Chirality and Rotation:AxisOrientation (Modes of Elementary Action) are not uniformly distributed in the volume of space that time by time supports existence and the Essence / Form of the Vortex / Particle type InfoStructure.
The vortex structure provides a distribution with a peculiar profile, with a center (which corresponds to the mass center, to the charge center, through which the Spin axis passes, intrinsic rotation / angular momentum of the structure) and with a surrounding distribution of the Mass and Charge (Perturbation and Rotation:Chirality) which follows a distance square law. Approximately. Basically. Since indeterminacy also exists here. And a sea of turbulence. In and out of the electron. And in this sea of turbulence, the correlation between the Elementary Events that we describe with the Elementary Action in its Modes / Components represents the organization, what we call Information, which constitutes the form and Energy of the Structure (a vortex in this case).
The form of the Structure is incessantly changing, floating freely around an ideal form, a chaotic attractor around which the correlations of Perturbation, Translation, Rotation:Chirality and Rotation:AxisOrientation incessantly self-organize on the thin edge between disequilibrium and dynamic equilibrium which ensures causal permanence to the Structure itself. Each event point of the Field in the volume of space that supports the Structure follows/executes its own peculiar chaotic process.
A process that is partly chaotic and partly ordered, or rather partly indeterminate and partly determined, an evolution that can be described by a partly stochastic and partly deterministic dynamic process. The indeterminate part represents the dynamic component of the Field in the absence of Structure (Elementary Events), the determined part represents the dynamics of the Structure (Relations between Events), which takes shape in the evolution of the set of Relations between the Elementary Events, in correlations between the Modes of Elementary Action that creates the Structure in the Field.
Turbulence within turbulence, with a breath of order, in a delicate organizational balance, which gives and maintains the shape of the Structure. And all this changes incessantly over time, as mentioned. Infinite stochastic/deterministic processes that change partly independently and partly dependently, perpetuating themselves over time with more or less stability (conservation of shape as fluctuation of the real shape around the ideal shape, shape attractor). All this while the Structure, the electron in question, moves in the Elemental Field, in a sea of turbulence, with its internal and external turbulence, interacting more or less intensely perhaps with other Structures of visible Matter (nucleons, other electrons, photons arriving from everywhere, ...) or more weakly with Dark Matter Structures. And all this produces an incessant fluctuation of the electron's shape around the ideal shape (the chaotic shape attractor). To all this we add that not only the interactions, but also the Motion (inertial or accelerated) produces variations in the shape and physical quantities associated with the Structure (Mass, Spin, etc.).
So when we observe or carry out a measurement on an electron, in reality, we interact with an extremely complex quantum object (a Vortex / Particle type InfoStructure), with an incessantly changing shape, and an equally changing dynamics. Always the same electron, but always different.
In this context, it appears clear that different parts of the same Structure, of the same electron in the example we follow, can be in different states. The rotation of the Spin axis in space with respect to the direction of motion (helicity?) due to the effect of a magnetic field, for example, is not instantaneous over the entire structure. The total rotation of the orientation of the Spin axis, although fast (we are talking about times much lower than an Attosecond), is not instantaneous. If we could take a true snapshot, at zero time, we would see a particular situation, like a microscopic wave of arms describing a wave. We would see a reorientation of the Spin axis passing through the electron.
At an external limit of the volume occupied by the electron we would already see the expected final orientation, based on the lines of force of the applied magnetic field, orientation 30 degrees up for example, at the center of the electron still an incomplete orientation e.g. 10 degrees down, and at the opposite end even further back in the reorientation process, 50 degrees down.
If we take for granted a significant resonance at the Planck scale (spatial distance about 10^−35) and an electron diameter of about 10^-15, we are talking about 20 orders of magnitude.
With an absolutely approximate calculation, we can say that in terms of volume, we could describe the electron as a semi-turbulent quantum object, describable as a chaos/order process, dynamic process with stochastic/deterministic components, result of the interaction of 10^20 * 10^20 * 10^20 = 10^60 stochastic / deterministic processes, organized by a dynamic network of correlations which ensures the dynamic permanence (with distributions of evolving fluctuations according to the Schrödinger equation) of the form (extension and distribution in the Space) and properties (Mass, Motion, Charge, Spin, etc.).
An extremely complex, turbulent, fluctuating, dynamic situation, which can only be treated with statistical quantities in Space and Time. So when we talk about quantum states and superposition, it's all this complexity that we're talking about. Indeed, in compliance with the ideal form of the Structure, the conservation of the associated physical quantities, parts of the same Structure are in different quantum states and evolve partly independently (due to the natural indeterminate dynamics of the Elementary Field), partly dependently (due to the dynamics of Information, the organization scheme between the correlations between the dynamic processes of all those 10^60 event points that support the Structure we are talking about).
Turbulence within turbulence. Complexity within complexity. Of course, to describe a "simple" electron, with its properties and associated physical quantities, and predict its quantum behavior, we cannot imagine having to compute 10^60 stochastic/deterministic processes and the dynamic matrix of correlations between all these variables partially independent and partially dependent. Not to mention the "simple interaction between two electrons (10^60 stochastic / deterministic processes of electron A for 10^60 processes of electron B and the product of the respective dynamic matrices of correlations describing the two structures), between a photon and a electron, etc. Even if it were possible from a computational point of view, and I don't think it is, we must resort to a global "probabilistic" statistical description (electron particle as excitation of the associated quantum field) and a high-level computation (equation Schrödinger, etc.). "Probabilistic" in quotes.
This is a crucial point. Probabilities of measurements correspond to superpositions of quantum states actually in Space, with an arrow telling us that the Spin is up or down. Each point of the Field "occupied" by the electron has its own Spin orientation that fluctuates incessantly around a value that can be more or less correlated to the dynamics. of the other points, according to the shape and position of that point of the Structure. The spin of the electron is the result of the interaction of the dynamics of all points. The orientation of the Spin axis (and the component of the angular momentum in this direction) changes incessantly according to a law of evolution and on the basis of the natural indeterminate dynamics of the Field and the interactions with other structures. And it can be different (and most of the time it is) in different parts of the Structure.
Therefore at a certain instant a part of the electron will have spin orientations attributable to Spin up and the other part to Spin down. At any moment we should say that a part (with a statistical indicator of composition, in percentage, or rather with a number between 0 and 1, as probabilities are expressed) has an orientation of the rotation axis (Rotation:AxisOrientation) compatible with Spin up and another part (complement to 1) has orientation compatible with Spin down. Soon we will see what a measurement produces, for example of the spin of an electron and why the measurement produces what is called wave function collapse, resolution of the superposition of quantum states to a single state.
Links to the tables of contents of TFNR Paper
