TFNR - Cosmic substances
It is commonly believed that the Universe is composed almost entirely of dark energy (about 69% of the total existing matter / energy), dark matter (about 26%), ordinary matter (just under 5%), electromagnetic radiation and traces of antimatter.
These are believed to be the substances that compose the objects, bodies and structures that make up the Universe.
All this is partly true. But only partially.
The proportions indicated are incorrect and contradict the Fundamental Nature of the entire Physical Reality.
These proportions have in fact been estimated in the context of an incorrect cosmological model, in complete ignorance of the nature, properties and dynamics of most of these constituents (dark energy and matter) and in the equally almost complete ignorance of the nature, properties and dynamics of the constituents of visible / ordinary matter (particles and waves studied by QFT and QM).
So, what is the hypothesis formulated in the context of this system of knowledge regarding the substances that make up the Universe?
We could easily answer by stating that gases / plasmas and dusts of various chemical compounds constitute the raw material that fuels the formation of celestial objects/bodies, and the increasingly more complex structures, such as galaxies and the structures in which these tend to group.
This answer would not be wrong, but it would not be profound, nor complete and exhaustive. Physical Reality can be observed and described at many nested levels, from the most elementary characterized by the dynamics of Elementary Events in the Elementary Field, to the more complex ones of physical forms, precisely the objects, the structures we are talking about here, up to the Universe of its whole.
Let's start at the most basic level. As seen, Elementary Action is the "most basic form of substance". It consists of fluctuations of spatial distances (linear distances, areas, volumes) of / in the Field at Planck-scale at variable times, produced by the Fundamental Force of constant intensity that incessantly acts on the Elementary Field.
Let's imagine stopping Time, freezing the Formation of Reality, taking a snapshot of the Elementary field. This is equivalent to detecting the Energy / Information, the organization of the Elementary Events that animate the Field. We would see pronounced fluctuations whose intensity distribution follows a precise probabilistic law, with a resonance precisely around the Planck scale.
Locally therefore, in the infinitely small, we would also see a very curved space (we can recall the concept of "quantum foam"), with symmetrical peaks and valleys around an average value which we consider the "zero energy level". This energy represents the "zero point energy" of the Elementary Field. It is different from zero due to the incessant Action of the Force on the Field itself.
By integrating this energy over increasingly larger volumes, we see that Space appears increasingly flat, and the Energy, deriving from spatial fluctuations at the Planck scale, appears increasingly closer to zero. What gives space-time curvature is therefore not Space, but Time. It is therefore a Time curvature. Time locally (at all scales and for all the structures that are created and evolve in the Field) flows with different rhythms (different distributions of spatial fluctuations at the Planck scale in time, different density of Elementary Events. From this comes the variability in space of what we call the speed of light in vacuum (speed of propagation of Causality, Action, Information).
These inhomogeneities at the spatial level of the flow of Time represent the substance of which everything is made. As stated by the Principle of General Equivalence, this inhomogeneity can also be seen as inhomogeneity of the temperature of the Field, of the positive (dark energy) and negative mass density (the mass we know), of the limit speed of propagation of Causality, Action, Information, commonly called the speed of light in void. A non zero value of the Mode of Action that we call Perturbation.
By nature, dynamics and definition, all these inhomogeneities (not zero at a local level, on a wide range of size scales) at a Universal level are distributed symmetrically around an average value, variable over time as a result of evolution of Reality, of the complexification of the level of organization of the Field and of the structures that form and evolve in it. The total energy balance is greater than zero (in fact immense, infinite), but the symmetry around the universal mean value (which we can define as the universal zero level) is absolute.
In other words we can say that the quantity of Dark Matter (negative mass, density of the local distribution of Elementary Events lower than the universal average density, flow of Time slower than the average, therefore negative space-time curvature, speed of light lower than the average speed , temperature of the Field lower than the universal average) and its symmetrical counterpart, the Dark Energy (positive mass, density of the local distribution of Elementary Events greater than the universal average density, flow of Time faster than the average, therefore positive space-time curvature, speed of light greater than the average speed, field temperature greater than the universal average), by nature, dynamics and definition, balance perfectly.
Same thing for ordinary matter. In each Information Structure with mass (all fermions), the component of negative mass (the mass) and positive mass (the analogue of dark energy at the particle level, which represents the external, border region , which is responsible for the intangibility property described by the Pauli exclusion principle), by nature, dynamics and definition equalize symmetrically around an average value, which we assume to be zero, the zero level.
All matter, both dark (dark matter and energy) and visible (particles with their negative - core - and positive - boundary - mass components), participates in a universal symmetry of positive and negative mass/energy (variable in Space - which constitutes the structures that make up the material Physical Reality) around a zero average value, variable over time (in the sense of a progressive reduction produced by the increase in complexity of the organization of the Field, more structures and more relationships between them and between the parts, more complex).
The other basic form is represented by charge and spin, which gives rise to electromagnetic waves, and more generally to all electrical and magnetic phenomena. Even for wave-type Information Structures, namely electromagnetic waves, the same concept of symmetry applies around a universal average value which represents the average value of chirality in the Field at a universal level (universal electric zero) and the average orientation value of the rotation axis in the universal level field (universal magnetic zero). Here too the symmetry, by nature, dynamics and definition, is absolute, variable locally in space (structures equipped with charge and/or spin, both particles and waves) and in time (variation produced by the progressive evolution of the chirality and orientation of the chirality axis, due to the increasing structuring of the field).
In essence, the elementary cosmic substance is "made up of" Time, or better "is" Time, inhomogeneities in the flow of Time. We call this substance Elementary Action. This is expressed in some basic derived forms, including (matter / energy with positive / negative mass symmetrical around an average value varying in Space -> structures and in Time -> evolution of complexity).
Given that the primary substance is the Elementary Action, as already defined previously, the derived substances (resulting from the organization of Elementary Action, of the Elementary Events and the Relations, "correlations", between them) that make up the objects, bodies and structures that we find around us in the Universe are:
- Energy / Information / Matter in / of the structures in / of the Elementary Field and Derived Field (different point of view of the E.F.)
- dark energy and matter, in equal measure, by nature and definition
- visible/ordinary matter (with its ordinary dark energy component), in the form of:
- elementary particles: essentially electrons, protons and neutrons (maybe formed by quarks and gluons), neutrinos
- dark and visible/ordinary radiation:
- elementary waves: Gravitational Waves (dark) and Electromagnetic Waves (visible)
- Energy / Information / Matter in / of the Elementary Field and Derived Field (different point of view of the E.F.) in which structures exist
- visible/ordinary energy:
- gravitational potential
- kinetic potential -> inertia
- electric potential
- magnetic potential
- other more complex forms of ordinary energy: weak and strong nuclear energy
- visible/ordinary energy:
At the more complex level of the Forms, by "substance" we mean any aggregate of atoms and molecules or any set of dark structures. Hence, a substrate made up of visible matter or / and of dark matter, plus visible (EMW) or / and dark (GW) radiation.
The term substance is currently assimilated with that of matter, or chemical substance.
In this context, at this level of Reality, we can identify a multiplicity of different substances, and various different mixes of them, which constitute objects of Physical Reality. The air we breathe (composed of various different substances, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, rare gases, water vapour, traces of other substances and various pollutants), the water we drink (here too, oxygen and hydrogen, dissolved gases, minerals, ions of other elements, etc.), sand, rocks, our blood, bird feathers, a fork, but also the halo of tenuous and diffuse dark matter that contains our solar system, infinite composite objects from one to countless substances.
These are always "derived" substances, since the one and only fundamental substance that makes up the entire Reality, and therefore all these multiple derived substances, is the Elementary Action (the inhomogeneities in the distributions of the Elementary Events, the infinitesimal fluctuations of / in the Elementary Field under the incessant Action of the Fundamental Force, deriving from the inner interaction between the two aspects of the Source of Reality.
Substances (derivatives) have attributes / properties that are partly identical or superimposable to those of the atoms and molecules that compose them, partly new, emerging as a result of the collective behavior of the complex interaction of a generally very numerous set of components.
Substances, in they different states / phases (gas, liquid, solid, etc.) can transform, creating new more or less complex substances, in various chemical and physical processes that can vary the nature of the substance itself and/or its attributes / properties, in an incessant process of transformation, mutation and evolution of Information / Energy, Structure and Form.
This is the world of chemical physics and chemistry in all its forms (inorganic, organic, biological, etc.).
In summary, if we could observe Physical Reality at the smallest dimensional scales, at the most basic levels of complexity, in the dynamics of the Elementary Field at the Planck scale, we would see infinitesimal fluctuations of spatial distances over time (described by the Principle of Uncertainty), with probability distributions ( power spectrum) around infinite local average values depending on the chosen reference volume, and a universal average value, a particular case of the local average value for volume amplitude tending to infinity. The greater the intensity, the speed of spatial fluctuations over time, the denser the Elementary Events, the faster the flow of Time, and therefore the speed of propagation of Causality, Action, Information in the Field (commonly, the speed of light in a vacuum).
If we observed it at larger dimensional (spatial and temporal) scales, we would see diffuse low-density turbulent structures of dark matter/energy. Then, particles and waves with higher density (of mass, motion, charge, spin and other derived quantities).
Looking at larger dimensional scales and levels of complexity we would see composite particles like nucleons. Then, atoms, molecules, gases, dust, etc. up to objects and bodies, structures, etc. up to the infinite complexity of the Evolving Universe.
Links to the tables of contents of TFNR Paper
