Difference between revisions of "TFNR - About this work"

Revision as of 19:54, 23 March 2025

Origin

Describing the origin of this work is no simple task. It all stems from a profound interest in knowledge, science, philosophy, humanism, and countless other subjects. A deep curiosity about Reality as a whole, accompanied by a passion - particularly for physics and cosmology - fueled by amazement at the infinite complexities of Nature that surround us and fill us with wonder.

A wealth of observation, reading, studying, pondering, conducting thought experiments, and cultivating a strong interest in knowledge management and organization, as well as traditional knowledge systems, philosophies, religions, and esoteric schools.

An inclination towards syncretism and cultural contamination, driven by the desire to extract the essential knowledge required to explain the world and its governing laws, and to distill valuable insights for understanding the functioning and evolution of Reality. Reality - the whole - the Universe in its perpetual Evolution.

Aims and intentions

The primary goal of this work is to construct a new System of Knowledge - a reference framework capable of encompassing both traditional and modern knowledge, integrating philosophical and scientific contributions into a unified vision. This framework aspires to guide us toward a broader and deeper understanding of Reality.

A stimulus to inspire a different way of observing the world, to value aspects we have either overlooked or failed to recognize entirely.

I hope that this work will contribute to:

• providing a broader and deeper perspective on Reality and its functioning
• formulating new hypotheses about the fundamental aspects of Reality
• sparking new lines of research, both theoretical and experimental
• redirecting scientific exploration toward the fundamental questions with a more innovative and productive approach: less mathematics, more ideas! Nothing against math - but its dominance has become excessive. Ideas first!

Scope of work

The scope of this research is Reality as a unity, encompassing both of its domains that we can ideally distinguish: the physical and the cognitive.

In this paper, I have concentrated on Physical Reality - from the infinitely small, the realm explored by physics, to the infinitely large, the perspective of cosmology, the Universe in evolution.

In a future work, I will turn my focus to the cognitive aspect of Reality: perceptions, sensations, emotions, thoughts, logic, cognitive models and systems, and so forth - the objects of cognitive activity in living beings and automata (such as software-based artificial agents, AI, etc.). This domain represents the manifold of Reality’s representations and its intricate relationship with its physical substrate / counterpart.

Development

This research, driven by curiosity to know and by dissatisfaction with most of the common explanations provided by academic science, has developed over a long period of time starting from some particular ideas:

• the need to shift attention away from particles (discrete structures) to something more fundamental (a universal continuous field in which discreteness emerges due to physical evolution - discreteness arises from continuity due to an evolutive process),
• the need to overcome the consolidated atomic models, such as that assumed in quantum mechanics,
• the need to find a different, deeper meaning for terms like space, time, mass, motion, charge and spin and the related phenomena in terms of something more fundamental,
• the will to redefine concepts like nothingness, emptiness and vacuum, and to explore a world in which the speed of light (the speed of propagation of Causality, Action, Information) in the most elementary field, while representing the limiting speed, is not a constant, but depends on the organization, the structure of the Field itself, and the fluctuations that represent its dynamics at the most fundamental level.

Not yet another attempt to create a TOE, a Theory of Everything, but an effort to build a broad framework that can accommodate, hold and integrate:

• new ideas alongside consolidated theories, perhaps suitably revised and expanded,
• a new definition of Reality (beyond both quantum and classical / relativistic realism) and of what can be considered real: real is everything has existed, exists, can exist or exists as a possibility. Everything is real, but for clarity and to avoid dangerous misunderstandings, it is necessary to distinguish what is physically real from what is cognitively real. Physically real is that which had, has, or can have a physical existence, as a less or more complex organization of / in the Elementary Field and all derived physical fields under the Action of the Fundamental Force and all related derived physical forces. Cognitively real is everything else (the perceived and the perceivable; thought / thinkable; imagined / imaginable; past, present and future; factually and / or logically true or false, what is real according to the general definition above, net of what is real in the physical sense),
• a decisive revision of the language and terminology used to describe Reality, revising key terms such as Source, Force, Field, Creation, Existence, Event, Action, Evolution, Essence / Form, Relation, Information, Energy, Structures, Waves, Particles, Interactions, Forms, Universe,
• a coherent Ontology, Phenomenology and Dynamics of Reality, with coherent and logically consistent definitions of the respective objects of study: Entities (Sources / Forces and Fields couples), Events and Relations, Processes,
• fundamental principles, which, while expressing themselves in infinite different ways at different Levels of Reality, represent its fundamental functional unit,
• a formative (creative and evolutionary) Source (the Fundamental Force / Elementary Field couple), which manifests itself in a cascade of Derived Sources that operate by creating Events and Relations to form all the physical and cognitive Processes that incessantly shape (give form to) the infinite Complexity of Reality,
• a causal and variational (Space-time) structure, expression of the two aspects of the Source - the Force (Cause) and the Field (Variation), central pillar of the Process of Formation of Reality,
• a multilayered structure of Reality, from the fundamental, the elementary, the Primary Source of Reality, up to the Forms, the entire Universe in Evolution, through the Action (the layer of Events, of the temporal distributions of the tiny spatial fluctuations of the Elementary Field up to the fluctuations of the complex fields and the related forces that we observe at work in Nature), the Information / Energy (the level of Relations between Events, from correlations between the distributions of the fluctuations of / in the Elementary Field up to the correlations of the distributions of complex fields fluctuations and related forces), and the layer of the related Structures of Information (the layer of Processes of Events organized by Relations representing the Structures of Ordinary Matter and Energy - Waves, Vortices / Particles and their Interactions - and again the Structures of Dark Matter and Energy - Gravitational Waves, Vortices / Halos of Dark Matter / Dark Energy that make up the cosmic web).

Precisely the multilayered structure of Reality, with functional levels characterized by greater causal and variational Complexity, which evolutionarily emerge from more elementary levels, in an incessant and infinite Process of Formation, together with the coexistence of continuity and discreteness (discrete structures, such as Waves and Particles, which emerge from, act, propagate, interact in continuous fields), and the evolutionary coexistence and nuanced superposition of different forms of Causality (from quantum uncertainty to the deterministic certainty of the classical physical world, up to the emergent finality in the cognitive functions of living beings) represent great difficulties in the search for a unitary and integrated description of natural phenomena, for a final, all-encompassing equation capable of describing all the interactions that constitute all the phenomenological Reality.

The very search for such a "global / universal" equation denotes a partial and reductionist vision of Reality, a lack of a synthesizing vision capable of embracing the infinite complexity of Nature. This complexity includes not only quantum fields and what we call the fundamental forces of Nature but also the turbulent dynamics of fields at the Planck scale, often regarded almost as a nuisance complicating the already intricate calculations of the equations of QFT - the Quantum Field Theory. Added to this are the countless complexities arising from cosmic evolution, biological evolution (so profoundly influenced by the former), and finally the cognitive explosion, which is barely reducible to the dynamics of physical interactions - a mysterious interplay between quantum uncertainty, classical determinism, and finality oriented towards the causal permanence of living entities.

Reality is so multilayered and complex, even at what we believe are its most fundamental levels. It is difficult to achieve unity in multiplicity, to arrive at a synthesis within a world dominated by analysis.

This endeavor requires the adoption of a systemic method, well-structured yet challenging, capable of balancing synthesis and analysis, holism and reductionism, humanism and scientism. It necessitates a research approach that is complex and delicate, simultaneously attentive to both details and the overarching vision. Such an approach must be aware of the need for the scientific method's rigor and the falsifiability of theories, while also recognizing the importance of opening up spaces for ideation and creative imagination that can embrace immensely distant dimensions and complexities. This imagination cannot be unlimited, but must constantly be confronted with observations, experimental results, and a general "sense of plausibility."

Ideas / Hypotheses / Proposals

In the Introduction, I listed and briefly commented on what I believe are the "Very Important Hypotheses About Reality," which I then sought to develop in the subsequent chapters of this work. After all the insights, details, and examples provided, let us now, in conclusion, return to those initial themes and attempt here to summarize some of the most significant ideas, hypotheses, and proposals presented in this paper - key aspects that play a central role in this System of Knowledge. Unconventional concepts, alongside more common and established ideas, revisited and recontextualized, together with the overall structure of this theoretical framework, may, I hope, inspire research in directions capable of transcending the current crisis / impasse in physics and cosmology, fostering a broader and deeper Knowledge of Reality:

Reality as a whole - a unitarian Process, the One, a unity: a Process that originates from the Source and unfolds into the evolving Universe, through Action, Information, and Form.

Reality as the result of that same process - the Process of Formation: a unitary Process that manifests itself through two complementary sub-processes: Creation (the production of Events, Action, Existence) and Evolution (the production of Relations, Information, Essence / Form).

• Reality is incessantly created and re-created in a continuous "flow of Time" - or rather, a flow of Events (not in the sense of an absolute Time that marks the Events, but as a relative Time: a sort of universal causal interaction among all the proper Times of all the point-events of the Elementary Field, which we represent as the infinite, eternal, and unlimited Space-time, complete with its relative dynamical Metric).

• Everything is "Entities that produce Events organized by Relations in Processes: in other words, Sources (Force / Field pairs) that generate Action that takes a Form as Information, which manifests as Structures of Information, leading to the incessantly evolving Forms that constitute the Universe - the entirety of Reality.

• Everything is relative: everything that exists is relative - there are no absolute dimensions, no absolute Space, and no absolute Time as understood in classical physics. However, there exists - though relative to the fundamental dynamics of the Elementary Field - a dimension deeper than what is characterized by current physical theories and models. A universal dimension, or one local to large regions of Space-time, which is, in some form and measure, quite independent of the dimensions of the event-points within the Field. A broader dimension that we can call "environmental", which, compared to the contingent, ever-changing, and relative dimensions of the dynamics of individual event-points, exhibits characteristics of greater "absoluteness," even if not in the sense of classical concepts.

• Everything evolves: everything evolves - even the Source, the absolute, the unitary primary entity - which manifests itself as a pair of complementary sub-entities: the Fundamental Force and the Elementary Field. From their inner interaction, everything is created and evolves. The same expressions of the Agency of the Source - Causality, the expression of the Force, and Variationality (Spaciality and Temporality), the expression of the Field - also evolve.

• Reality has / is a multilayered existential and evolutive structure: the identification of a fundamental or elementary level of Reality - a direct emanation / manifestation of the Primary Source of Reality and its fundamental dynamics, produced by the Action of the Force on the Field.

• The same structure of Reality evolves: from "Nothingness" to "Emptiness" to "Somethingness," always within its "Wholeness".

• Central role of Relation, or better "correlation," in the organization of Reality: Relation is the foundation of Information, as correlations among the distributions of fluctuations of / within the Elementary Field at the Planck scale represent the most elementary form of Energy - the most elementary form or fundamental expression of Physical Information.

• Everything is Information, or its elementary physical form, Energy: In-Form-Action, Action with a Form, the Form of Action... the Time derivative of Action. At the most elementary level of Reality, this represents the organizational scheme (Process) of the correlations (Relations) between the temporal distributions of elementary spatial fluctuations (Events) within the Elementary Field, resonating around the Planck scale. These fluctuations are produced by the Action of the Fundamental Force - Force and Field being the two aspects of the Source of Reality (Entity). Information incessantly strives for causal permanence, driving its expansion into the fundamental dimensions of Reality: Cause, Space, and Time.

• Speed of Light: a limit, not a constant: no absolute velocity for the propagation of Causality, Action, Information. It reflects the unique dynamics of the Elementary Field, which generates the fundamental Processes that incessantly form and give shape to Reality.

• Space-time metric curvature in facts is "Time curvature": in a context of a non constant speed of light, space-time curvature must be intended as time curvature, or better, Time contraction / dilation. Space curvature is only apparent, due to Time curvature and non constant speed of light

• Space-time metric curvature is, in fact, "Time curvature": in a context of a non-constant speed of light, Space-time curvature should be understood as Time curvature - or more precisely, as Time contraction and dilation. Space curvature is merely apparent, stemming from Time curvature and the non-constant speed of light. The fluctuations of spatial distances, which form the basis for the ceaseless Creation of Existence in its most elementary form, lose their effects a few orders of magnitude beyond the Planck scale. At the dimensional scales of particles and extending to the infinite and boundless Universe, Space remains absolutely flat. The microscopic fluctuations, representing the Elementary Events - whose inhomogeneous temporal distributions constitute the Elementary Action, the fundamental "substance" upon which everything is built - average out and interpenetrate each other. As a result, the Spatial Metric remains perfectly flat at all larger scales.

• Space-time Metric curvature and Mass are the same thing / phenomenon: a key aspect of the Principle of General Equivalence. Both are different perspectives on the same fundamental component of Elementary Action: "Perturbation" - the correlation of the temporal distributions of the intensities of spatial fluctuations of the Elementary Field. This can be represented through various properties and behaviors, such as the temperature of the Elementary Field, the speed limit for the propagation of Causality / Action / Information within the Field, the Mass density, and/or the curvature of the Space-time Metric.

• Metric / Mass, Motion, Charge and Spin: the Fundamental Physical Quantities, as fundamental manifestations of the correlations in the dynamics of the Elementary Field and the Elementary Action and its Modes / Components - Perturbation, Translation, and Rotation (in the sub-modes Chirality and Axis Orientation).

• Gravitational attraction / repulsion and Acceleration have the same nature: another aspect of the Principle of General Equivalence. Both are different perspectives on the same fundamental Mode / Component of Elementary Action: "Translation" - the correlation of the orientations of the elementary spatial fluctuations of the points-event of the Elementary Field. Translation produces by gradients in Perturbation.

• Weak and strong nuclear forces / fields and related phenomena as derived / complex (not elementary) phenomena: combinations of the more fundamental physical quantities (sources - the Force / Field pairs): Metric / Mass, Motion, Charge, Spin. These are Derived Forces and Fields relative to the Structures of Information within the Elementary Field, not Forces / Fields directly related to the Elementary Field itself. This is a subtle but crucial distinction.

• The conservation of both linear and angular, extrinsic or intrinsic (Spin) momentum is an absolute and ubiquitous principle: in other terms, the conservation of Elementary Action in its Modes Components is a fundamental property of Reality and the Dynamics of Elementary Action.

• The conservation principle / property (conservation of inhomogeneities) is always in competition with a dynamic principle / property that tends to recover homogeneity: similarly, the conservation principle / property (conservation of homogeneity) is always in competition with a dynamic principle / property that tends to produce inhomogeneities. The Uncertainty Principle describes the production of Perturbation (creation of Elementary Action, through Variation, inhomogeneity of / in the Field). The Action and Reaction Principle describes the production of Translation (propagation of Elementary Action of / in the Field). And the Principle of Minimum Action, the production of Rotation (conservation of Elementary Action of / in the Field).

• Energy and Matter, both dark and visible/ordinary: these are different forms of Information, the temporal derivative of Action (where Action is a more fundamental and complete physical quantity than Information or Energy).

• From continuity (Fields) to discreetness (Structures of Information, organized parts within / of the Fields): patterns of correlations (Elementary Relations) between the temporal distributions of tiny elementary spatial fluctuations (Elementary Events) of the Elementary Field, resonating around the Planck Scale.

• Current models / representations of elementary particles are excessively confusing and lead to misunderstanding: sometimes they are described as points with no spatial extent, other times as clouds of energy, waves, or even as more abstract entities like probability functions. We need a clear and stable representation of elementary particles rooted in the dynamics of the Elementary Action and its Modes / Components - or, equivalently, in the organization of the correlations (Information) between the inhomogeneities of the temporal distributions (Elementary Action) of infinitesimal spatial fluctuations (Elementary Events) of / within the Elementary Field.

• Current models / representations of atoms are incorrect and misleading: electron orbitals are not (or, not only) wavefunctions describing the probability of finding an electron in a given region of the volume of space within an atom. Rather, orbitals are the electrons themselves (electrons possess a changing spatial extent, volume, and shape, depending on their motion and interactions with the physical environment - the local structure of the Elementary Field and surrounding structures, particles, and waves). Orbitals are functions that describe which part of the electron's spatial extent is contained within a given volume of Space in the atom, and where, at a given instant, its centers of Mass and Charge are located, and what are the orientations of the direction of Motion and of the axis of Spin and the intensity of the Action in those directions (linear and angular momentum).

• A new hypothesis about the wave-particle duality: the key lies in the nature and form of what we call "wave" and "particle" ("Structures of Information" in this system of knowledge: Waves, Vortices, and their Interactions) in terms of something more fundamental - the dynamics of the Elementary Action and its Modes / Components. This fundamental nature is shared, in various ways, by all types of Structures of Information.

• No particle - low density - diffuse Dark Matter: Dark Matter as a different kind of substance. It represents a sort of middle ground between "Particle Dark Matter" and "MOND - Modified Newtonian Dynamics." Middle ground in the sense of explanatory power, combining the seemingly contradictory aspects of a "substance" on one side and a "strange, seemingly anomalous behavior of Space-time itself" on the other. However, this is not in terms of the nature of the entities and phenomena involved. In this System of Knowledge, Dark Matter is hypothesized as a completely different substance than those proposed within the scientific field: diffuse, low-density, non-particle Vortex InfoStructures, in the form of turbulent halos / bubbles that organize (or reflect the organization of) the Elementary Field.

• No big-bang and inflation: we need an alternative cosmological model to explain the Universe as we observe it - its objects, structures, and dynamics. The evidence supporting the Standard Cosmological Model (ΛCDM Model) is too weak to withstand the pressure of emerging discrepancies in new astronomical observations and in the measurements of the fundamental quantities that parameterize this models.

• Many other ideas, hypotheses, and proposals that help shape a different physics and cosmology.

Many of these ideas can be profitably and clearly represented by schemes: such as the Process of Formation of Reality and related schemes of the Formation of Physical and Cognitive Reality. Additionally, frameworks like the outline of Evolutionary Dynamics can also be effectively represented.

If even just one of the hypotheses and proposals illustrated in this work proves helpful in advancing scientific research and useful for achieving a better understanding of the Fundamental Nature of Reality, I will be immensely happy - and confident that it will have all been worth it.

Sources

This work is not entirely my own. It is the result of extensive elaboration, involving years of reading (books, papers, articles, etc.), reflection, conceptualization, and reworking of a vast amount of material - some of which I may not even be consciously aware of.

In addition to incorporating some original concepts, schemes, and visions, much of the material used in the construction of this new System of Knowledge involves numerous reinterpretations and adaptations of ideas, concepts, and frameworks from both traditional knowledge and modern science.

Some examples:

• the conceptual scheme that I call the Process of Formation of Reality is a derivation / reworking of the Kabbalistic Tree of Life, a diagram, abstract and symbolic, made up of ten Sephiroth, ten archetypal attributes, or characteristics of God (the operational Agents, or Operators of Reality in the Evolutionary Knowledge System object of this paper, emanation, characterization of the Fundamental Force, the active aspect of the Source of Reality).

The other main concept of the kabbala is "Ein Sof", the energy of the Universe (the Elementary Action produced by the Primary Source, the Source of Reality, the Fundamental Force / Elementary Field couple, fundamental / elementary entity that transcends the concepts of space and time, energy, mass, motion, charge, spin and all the fundamental physical quantities). The Elementary Action and the Source, comparable to the concept of Ein Sof, are unknowable and not directly contactable by the human reason / mind, as they are expressed at a more fundamental level of Reality than that of Information, Structures of Information and Forms, which we are made of and which represent the tools and vectors that allow our interaction with the physical environment in which we are immersed and of which we are a part.

We are Information (and in its most basic form, Energy), and it is Information / Energy we can perceive, observe, measure. The level of the Source, the Force / Field couple that, with their interaction, produce the Elementary Events, and the level of the Elementary Action in its Modes / Components, are precluded to us. Perception, observation, measurement are forms of interactions entirely based on the "relation", on Relations. Everything that, from the causal point of view, lies beyond the expression of the Operator of Reality that we call Relation is precluded to us, is and will remain directly unknowable. Only indirectly we will be able to construct an approximate representation of it, observing its effects on the levels of Reality closest to us. Said in more "physical" terms, we will not be able to observe the event points at the space-time dimensions that resonate on the Planck scale, with their probability distributions, and their dynamics / interaction to form increasingly extensive and complex structures of correlation, up to the waves and particles (vortices) that make up the (visible / ordinary) matter we are made of and the dark one that forms the immense impalpable structures in which we are immersed and of which we are part.

Contraction and expansion of God's energy in Kabbalah, contraction and expansion of the infinitesimal volumes in / of the Elementary Field, what in the Evolutionary Knowledge System we call Elementary Events, the elementary fluctuations of / in the Field at the Planck scale, slight variations in the mean and variance of their stochastic distributions, of their power spectrums, which produce the Perturbations, the inhomogeneities from which everything originates, and which in an incessant Evolution lead to the entire Universe.

That same idea of contraction and expansion has permeated Western culture for centuries and inspired the Big Bang theory. A theory that unfortunately has transposed this very important cultural influence incorrectly. In fact it is not a one-off expansion / contraction, or repeated over time at each cyclical expansion / contraction phase of the entire Universe or of its parts, or of several separate Universes, as in the various theories derived from the initial idea of Big Bang. Rather, it is infinite (in space and time) incessant expansions / contractions of / in each point event in / of the Elementary field, at the Planck scale, under the continuous pressure of the Fundamental Force, to create what is now called "Quantum fluctuation of the vacuum", the quantum vacuum, etc., primary manifestation of the Principle of Uncertainty.

From the Kabbalah, one of the main and most powerful traditional Systems of Knowledge of the West, and from the very important cultural religious / philosophical sources that have fueled its development, many other important ideas have arisen that have translated into interesting hypotheses concerning the general structure of Reality, the aspects and the operators (functional forces), the relationships that are established between them and that strongly determine the Formation of Reality in the mechanics of Creation "and" Evolution, the general properties of Reality and the particular ones at the various levels of existence.

The work done can be seen as a translation from the Kabbalistic mystique of Formation to what, in this System of Knowledge under construction, I have called "Evolutionary Dynamics" and the "Process of Formation of Reality".

• the idea / hypothesis of the Source, a unity with two complementary aspects, the Fundamental Force and the Elemental Field, from whose internal interaction all in Evolution is Created, arises from my interest in Taoism, in my opinion the most wonderful representation of how Reality is made and works, certainly one of the deepest knowledge of the East

• the idea that the Source is both transcendent (Agent / Acting, the subjects of Creation, the causal and the variational principle respectively) and immanent (Action and all that arises from its evolution, the complete Manifestation) comes from Kashmir Shaivism.

The ancient texts that have come down to us (created in the languages in use in those remote times, with often poetic, strange and fantastic expressions so far from our current way of reasoning and expressing ourselves, the result of successive oral traditions and infinite transcriptions and translations, even by people who did not know the true meaning of those texts, expressions, images, terms used) often seem incomprehensible or unclear, and the meaning appears distorted and misleading, as if the authors had wanted to hide the most authentic and profound meaning. Despite all this, on careful reading, with the guidance of a good understanding of the structure of Reality, it is possible to recognize the depth and lucidity that inspired these texts, and to reconstruct their logic and authentic meaning.

Process that would surely horrify the most intransigent exegetes, philologists and palaeographers, but which for a "knowledge hunter" like me, always in search of information on the fundamental nature of Reality, is of fundamental importance, and has allowed me to discover true pearls hidden under poetic images, mythological figures, religious doctrines, mystical traditions, bad translations, mangled terms, etc.

• the hypothesis of the inconstancy of the Speed of Light (or rather of its variability in space and/or in time, depending on various factors and dynamic aspects), an idea of some scientists who have expressed themselves in this sense at various times or have mentioned it in their works, and a recent movement/interest of some researchers in this direction

• the idea of the coexistence of Creation and Evolution as two aspects of the unitary Formation of Reality comes from Hinduism and Buddhism. Evolution can be seen as a complex form of Creation, just as Creation can be seen as an elementary form of Evolution

• the idea of the incessant action of a universal Force that gives power to Reality and makes it evolve comes from Taoism and Hinduism. Such a different and opposite idea compared to today's theory of the Big Bang and Inflation (basically a one shot creation and a long evolution produced by the expression of that first energetic event, a more evolved form, but not enough, of the old deterministic idea of a clock wound up at the beginning of time, which keeps running until it stops completely at the end of time, the heat death of the Universe, for example)

• the idea that, on a universal level, what is called the Second Law of Thermodynamics, although a fundamental principle, does not represent the prevailing process that acts the formation of Reality comes from the Theory of Evolution and from many ancient philosophies and religions, which propose cosmogonic models of evolution from a more elementary level, from chaos, towards more complex, organized levels (chaos/order processes), from the undifferentiated unity to the differentiated multitude, from the formless to the forms.

The second law (a law relating to heat and energy, implying an increase in the combined entropy of the system and the environment, the irreversibility of natural processes and the existence of an arrow of time) represents a "destructive" principle (destruction of information, of complexity, from order to chaos). In the Universe as a whole we see a ceaseless evolution towards greater complexity, from chaos towards a greater level of organization, chaos and order being the two opposites in the scale of complexity, in the level of organization of Information and its most basic form, the Physical Energy. The destructive / transformative processes (second law) are (more than) balanced by the constructive / organizational processes.

In this Knowledge System the principle that incorporates the Second law is identified by the Operational Agent "Transformation", one of the three Operators of Reality that make up the Cycle of Information, the true "evolutionary engine" of Reality). If so, if the second law of thermodynamics (a "destructive principle", in the sense of destruction of complexity, a functional operator which, at all levels of Reality, disrupts Relations, from more complex Information to more basic Information, from order, organization, it produces chaos) were the dominating process of Reality, nothing would exist in the Universe, no Information, no complexity would form and conserve. Nothing would have been created and evolved, or even if a deity had magically created the present Universe, everything would quickly dissolve into an absolutely homogeneous perturbated field. An opposite principle / force is at work in the Universe, a force, one or more processes antagonistic to the second principle, a "constructing principle" which in my system is identified by the Operator of Reality called "Organization", another operator of the Cycle of Information

• the idea that the universe is infinite in space (limitless) and time (eternal, without beginning and without end) comes from Hinduism and many other traditional knowledge systems. A Reality without a beginning and without an end. "Without beginning" not in the sense proposed by the Big Bang theory: a time born with the beginning of the Universe, eternal in the future, but with a finite age. But a Reality really without beginning and without end.

Other purposes

This study also intends to be a manifesto against reductionism, or better, against an absolute reductionism, which has led science to extremely brilliant results, but, over time, has condemned it to take a series of dead ends and to enter a crisis increasingly acute and difficult to overcome. And at the same time a manifesto against a certain "imaginative science", which loses itself in flights of fancy into the absurd, improbable untestable theories, "lost in mathematics", always hunting for new particles, multiverses, unicorns, and who knows what else...

The reductionist approach, an exasperated manifestation of the marvelous analytical power of the human mind, is by itself like a drill able of reaching unheard-of depths, but always at the risk of getting lost in these same depths. It needs a guide, an overall vision, able of providing the direction, the purpose, the way. A "systemic" approach (I can't think of another more suitable and commonly used term), a global vision, a manifestation of the wonderful synthetic power of the human mind, which, by itself, cannot lead us to a true, broad and deep understanding of the Fundamental Nature of Reality. Analysis and synthesis, the two fundamental pillars of the search for knowledge, without extremes, must interact constantly, to avoid getting lost in dead ends or in useless superficial visions.

Another motivation / purpose that prompted me to carry out this work is the sense of dissatisfaction that I have often (unfortunately very often) felt when reading books, papers, scientific or popular articles, or watching videos, especially on physics and cosmology. Passionate about these topics, I have read a lot since my youth and the internet has allowed me to access an immense literature.

I have encountered a lot of interesting, passionate material, but I have always had this feeling of being faced with narrow, partial, fragmentary visions, unable to provide a general picture. Not to mention bizarre, imaginative theories, sterile disputes on apparently very important issues, but really marginal or irrelevant, to hide a very deep ignorance. Yes, we have to admit it, science has made great strides, but to date it's more what we don't know than the few certainties we have. Or again, theories and models highly accredited in the academic community, but clearly "unrealistic" to a global, general observation of Reality.

I have often felt "presumptuous" to think differently, even to have my own idea, a different vision of things, of the world, not being a scientist, not having a real academic background. But, in the end, the desire to read something that really made sense to me, to read what I wished I could find in the materials I read/watched, prevailed. So I decided to write this paper, which I hope will be useful and that will satisfy, at least a little, those who, like me, are dissatisfied with what emerges from the scientific literature. Writing it, for me, was an exciting adventure, as well as a great commitment.

Links to the tables of contents of TFNR Paper

• Go to the contents list of the paper "The Fundamental Nature of Reality"

• Go to Chapter 2 "A first look"