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Ideas / Hypotheses / Proposals

In the Introduction, I listed and briefly commented on what I believe are the "Very Important Hypotheses About Reality," which I then sought to develop in the subsequent chapters of this work. After all the insights, details, and examples provided, let us now, in conclusion, return to those initial themes and attempt here to summarize some of the most significant ideas, hypotheses, and proposals presented in this paper - key aspects that play a central role in this System of Knowledge. Unconventional concepts, alongside more common and established ideas, revisited and recontextualized, together with the overall structure of this theoretical framework, may, I hope, inspire research in directions capable of transcending the current crisis / impasse in physics and cosmology, fostering a broader and deeper Knowledge of Reality:

Reality as a whole - a unitarian Process, the One, a unity: a Process that originates from the Source and unfolds into the evolving Universe, through Action, Information, and Form.

Reality as the result of that same process - the Process of Formation: a unitary Process that manifests itself through two complementary sub-processes: Creation (the production of Events, Action, Existence) and Evolution (the production of Relations, Information, Essence / Form).

• Reality is incessantly created and re-created in a continuous "flow of Time" - or rather, a flow of Events (not in the sense of an absolute Time that marks the Events, but as a relative Time: a sort of universal causal interaction among all the proper Times of all the point-events of the Elementary Field, which we represent as the infinite, eternal, and unlimited Space-time, complete with its relative dynamical Metric).

• Everything is "Entities that produce Events organized by Relations in Processes: in other words, Sources (Force / Field pairs) that generate Action that takes a Form as Information, which manifests as Structures of Information, leading to the incessantly evolving Forms that constitute the Universe - the entirety of Reality.

• Everything is relative: everything that exists is relative - there are no absolute dimensions, no absolute Space, and no absolute Time as understood in classical physics. However, there exists - though relative to the fundamental dynamics of the Elementary Field - a dimension deeper than what is characterized by current physical theories and models. A universal dimension, or one local to large regions of Space-time, which is, in some form and measure, quite independent of the dimensions of the event-points within the Field. A broader dimension that we can call "environmental", which, compared to the contingent, ever-changing, and relative dimensions of the dynamics of individual event-points, exhibits characteristics of greater "absoluteness," even if not in the sense of classical concepts.

• Everything evolves: everything evolves - even the Source, the absolute, the unitary primary entity - which manifests itself as a pair of complementary sub-entities: the Fundamental Force and the Elementary Field. From their inner interaction, everything is created and evolves. The same expressions of the Agency of the Source - Causality, the expression of the Force, and Variationality (Spaciality and Temporality), the expression of the Field - also evolve.

• Reality has / is a multilayered existential and evolutive structure: the identification of a fundamental or elementary level of Reality - a direct emanation / manifestation of the Primary Source of Reality and its fundamental dynamics, produced by the Action of the Force on the Field.

• The same structure of Reality evolves: from "Nothingness" to "Emptiness" to "Somethingness," always within its "Wholeness".

• Central role of Relation, or better "correlation," in the organization of Reality: Relation is the foundation of Information, as correlations among the distributions of fluctuations of / within the Elementary Field at the Planck scale represent the most elementary form of Energy - the most elementary form or fundamental expression of Physical Information.

• Everything is Information, or its elementary physical form, Energy: In-Form-Action, Action with a Form, the Form of Action... the Time derivative of Action. At the most elementary level of Reality, this represents the organizational scheme (Process) of the correlations (Relations) between the temporal distributions of elementary spatial fluctuations (Events) within the Elementary Field, resonating around the Planck scale. These fluctuations are produced by the Action of the Fundamental Force - Force and Field being the two aspects of the Source of Reality (Entity). Information incessantly strives for causal permanence, driving its expansion into the fundamental dimensions of Reality: Cause, Space, and Time.

• Speed of Light: a limit, not a constant: no absolute velocity for the propagation of Causality, Action, Information. It reflects the unique dynamics of the Elementary Field, which generates the fundamental Processes that incessantly form and give shape to Reality.

• Space-time metric curvature in facts is "Time curvature": in a context of a non constant speed of light, space-time curvature must be intended as time curvature, or better, Time contraction / dilation. Space curvature is only apparent, due to Time curvature and non constant speed of light

• Space-time metric curvature is, in fact, "Time curvature": in a context of a non-constant speed of light, Space-time curvature should be understood as Time curvature - or more precisely, as Time contraction and dilation. Space curvature is merely apparent, stemming from Time curvature and the non-constant speed of light. The fluctuations of spatial distances, which form the basis for the ceaseless Creation of Existence in its most elementary form, lose their effects a few orders of magnitude beyond the Planck scale. At the dimensional scales of particles and extending to the infinite and boundless Universe, Space remains absolutely flat. The microscopic fluctuations, representing the Elementary Events - whose inhomogeneous temporal distributions constitute the Elementary Action, the fundamental "substance" upon which everything is built - average out and interpenetrate each other. As a result, the Spatial Metric remains perfectly flat at all larger scales.

• Space-time Metric curvature and Mass are the same thing / phenomenon: a key aspect of the Principle of General Equivalence. Both are different perspectives on the same fundamental component of Elementary Action: "Perturbation" - the correlation of the temporal distributions of the intensities of spatial fluctuations of the Elementary Field. This can be represented through various properties and behaviors, such as the temperature of the Elementary Field, the speed limit for the propagation of Causality / Action / Information within the Field, the Mass density, and/or the curvature of the Space-time Metric.

• Metric / Mass, Motion, Charge and Spin: the Fundamental Physical Quantities, as fundamental manifestations of the correlations in the dynamics of the Elementary Field and the Elementary Action and its Modes / Components - Perturbation, Translation, and Rotation (in the sub-modes Chirality and Axis Orientation).

• Gravitational attraction / repulsion and Acceleration have the same nature: another aspect of the Principle of General Equivalence. Both are different perspectives on the same fundamental Mode / Component of Elementary Action: "Translation" - the correlation of the orientations of the elementary spatial fluctuations of the points-event of the Elementary Field. Translation produces by gradients in Perturbation.

• Weak and strong nuclear forces / fields and related phenomena as derived / complex (not elementary) phenomena: combinations of the more fundamental physical quantities (sources - the Force / Field pairs): Metric / Mass, Motion, Charge, Spin. These are Derived Forces and Fields relative to the Structures of Information within the Elementary Field, not Forces / Fields directly related to the Elementary Field itself. This is a subtle but crucial distinction.

• The conservation of both linear and angular, extrinsic or intrinsic (Spin) momentum is an absolute and ubiquitous principle: in other terms, the conservation of Elementary Action in its Modes Components is a fundamental property of Reality and the Dynamics of Elementary Action.

• The conservation principle / property (conservation of inhomogeneities) is always in competition with a dynamic principle / property that tends to recover homogeneity: similarly, the conservation principle / property (conservation of homogeneity) is always in competition with a dynamic principle / property that tends to produce inhomogeneities. The Uncertainty Principle describes the production of Perturbation (creation of Elementary Action, through Variation, inhomogeneity of / in the Field). The Action and Reaction Principle describes the production of Translation (propagation of Elementary Action of / in the Field). And the Principle of Minimum Action, the production of Rotation (conservation of Elementary Action of / in the Field).

• Energy and Matter, both dark and visible/ordinary: these are different forms of Information, the temporal derivative of Action (where Action is a more fundamental and complete physical quantity than Information or Energy).

• From continuity (Fields) to discreetness (Structures of Information, organized parts within / of the Fields): patterns of correlations (Elementary Relations) between the temporal distributions of tiny elementary spatial fluctuations (Elementary Events) of the Elementary Field, resonating around the Planck Scale.

• Current models/representations of elementary particles are too confusing: sometimes they are seen as points with no spatial extent, sometimes as clouds of energy, sometimes as waves, etc. We need a clear and stable representation of the elementary particles in terms of the dynamics of the Elementary Action and its Modes / Components or, the same thing, of the organization of the correlations (Information) between the distributions (Elementary Action) of the infinitesimal fluctuations (Elementary Events) of / in the Elementary Field

Current models/representations of elementary particles are too confusing: sometimes they are depicted as points with no spatial extent, other times as clouds of energy, or as waves. We need a clear and stable representation of elementary particles based on the dynamics of the Elementary Action and its Modes/Components—or, equivalently, the organization of the correlations (Information) between the distributions (Elementary Action) of infinitesimal fluctuations (Elementary Events) within / of the Elementary Field.

• Current models / representations of atoms are incorrect and misleading: electron orbitals are not wavefunctions describing the probability of finding an electron in a given region of the volume of space hosting the atom, they are just the electrons (electrons have a changing spatial extent, volume and shape depending on movement and interactions with the physical environment - the local structure of the Elementary Field and other surrounding structures, particles and waves); orbitals are functions that describe what part of the spatial extent of the electron is included in a given volume of space in the atom

Current models / representations of atoms are incorrect and misleading: electron orbitals are not wavefunctions describing the probability of finding an electron in a specific region of the volume of space within an atom. Rather, they are the electrons themselves (electrons possess a changing spatial extent, volume, and shape, depending on their movement and interactions with the physical environment—the local structure of the Elementary Field and surrounding structures, particles, and waves). Orbitals are functions that describe which part of the electron's spatial extent is contained within a given volume of space in the atom.

• A new hypothesis about the wave - particle duality: the key is the nature and form of what we call wave and what we call particle ("Structures of Information" in this system of knowledge: Waves, Vortices and their interactions) in the terms of something more fundamental, the dynamics of the Elementary Action and its Modes / Components, fundamental nature that both the two types of Structures of Information share

A new hypothesis about the wave-particle duality: the key lies in the nature and form of what we call "wave" and "particle" ("Structures of Information" in this system of knowledge: Waves, Vortices, and their interactions) in terms of something more fundamental—the dynamics of the Elementary Action and its Modes/Components. This fundamental nature is shared by both types of Structures of Information.

• No particle - low density - diffuse Dark Matter: DM as another kind of stuff. A sort of middle ground between "Particle Dark Matter" and "MOND - Modified Newtonian Dynamics". Middle ground in the sense of explanatory power of the combined apparently contradictory aspects of a "substance" on one side and of "a strange seemingly anomalous behavior of the space-time itself". Not in the sense of the nature of the entities and phenomena involved. In facts, in this System of Knowledge Dark Matter is hypothesized as a completely different stuff than those proposed in the scientific field: diffuse, low density, no particle, vortex / bubble Structures of Information that organize (the organization of) the Elementary Field

No particle—low density—diffuse Dark Matter: DM as a different kind of substance. It represents a sort of middle ground between "Particle Dark Matter" and "MOND—Modified Newtonian Dynamics." Middle ground in the sense of explanatory power, combining the seemingly contradictory aspects of a "substance" on one side and a "strange, seemingly anomalous behavior of space-time itself" on the other. However, this is not in terms of the nature of the entities and phenomena involved. In this System of Knowledge, Dark Matter is hypothesized as a completely different substance than those proposed within the scientific field: diffuse, low-density, non-particle vortex/bubble Structures of Information that organize (or reflect the organization of) the Elementary Field.

• No big-bang and inflation: we need another cosmological model able to explain what we see in the Universe, objects, structure and dynamics of the cosmos; the evidence supporting the Concordance Cosmological Model (ΛCDM Model) is too weak to withstand the pressure of emerging discrepancies in new astronomical observations and the measurements of the fundamental quantities that parameterize the models

No big-bang and inflation: we need an alternative cosmological model to explain the Universe as we observe it—its objects, structures, and dynamics. The evidence supporting the Concordance Cosmological Model (ΛCDM Model) is too weak to withstand the pressure of emerging discrepancies in new astronomical observations and measurements of the fundamental quantities that parameterize the models.

• Many other ideas, hypotheses, proposals that help shape a different physics and cosmology

• Many other ideas, hypotheses, and proposals that help shape a different physics and cosmology.

Many of these ideas can be profitably and clearly represented by schemes, such as the Process of Reality Formation, and related schemes of the Formation of Physical and Cognitive Reality. And again, the outline of Evolutionary Dynamics, etc.

Many of these ideas can be profitably and clearly represented by schemes: such as the Process of Reality Formation and related schemes of the Formation of Physical and Cognitive Reality. Additionally, frameworks like the outline of Evolutionary Dynamics can also be effectively represented.

If even just one of the hypotheses and proposals illustrated in this work proves helpful in advancing scientific research and useful for achieving a better understanding of the Fundamental Nature of Reality, I will be immensely happy - and confident that it will have all been worth it.