Difference between revisions of "TFNR - Introduction"

Revision as of 20:19, 20 March 2025

This paper is an introduction to Evolutionary Physics, a research initiative dedicated to the development of a new comprehensive descriptive model of Physical Reality. Founded on a constructivist paradigm, this project seeks to develop an integral extension of evolutionary theory to the entire domain of Nature. Evolutionary Physics is part of Evolutionary Knowledge, a broad approach to studying all aspects of Reality, an attempt to create a model of Reality as a unitary, coherent and integrated process, portraying the Universe as an evolving system in both its physical and cognitive dimensions.

As a non-professional researcher, driven by a passion to explore, I offer this work with the hope of contributing to a broader and deeper understanding of Reality. I apologize in advance for any inaccuracies in my references to modern science. Though not a scientist, I believe that new visions, unconventional and somehow original hypotheses, new semantic categories, different methodologies and fresh perspectives are essential to overcome current theoretical challenges in physics and cosmology. An effort to build a new and broad framework, capable of capturing the value of the extraordinary results achieved so far by science and philosophy, both modern and traditional, and at the same time stimulating and welcoming the new. To really move forward in our understanding of the world, I think we need to revisit the basics, the fundamental principles, to look at the world with new eyes. My hope is that this work can contribute to making a step forward in the great Adventure of Knowledge.

The fundamental structure of Reality, as proposed by Evolutionary Knowledge, has important impacts on the vision of Physical Reality and the Physical Phenomena. To enhance the knowledge about Physical Reality, I propose to go beyond the very pillars of the current physical theories, namely the matter centric vision (atomism), the non-locality hypothesis, the theory of big bang and inflation. At the same time, I propose to revise other theories, putting them in a wider framework that can improve their compatibility and their capacity of explanation: i.e. General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. So, I see Evolutionary Physics both as a new approach, a new vision, and as an extension, an enhancement of standard modern physics. A stimulus to address theoretical and experimental research in new directions, to go beyond the known, to explore new horizons in physics and cosmology.

At the same time, I see Evolutionary Physics as the discipline that studies the formation of Physical Reality, through an integral extension of the evolutionary paradigm to all the fields of the scientific research. This is not meant to be a TOE, a Theory of Everything, in the sense that is normally given to this term, but an attempt to develop a new and broad descriptive and explanatory framework, that can integrate the existing science theories, aspects of philosophies and traditional systems of knowledge, new and original visions of Physical Reality. As a vast theoretical ecosystem, Evolutionary Physics tries to develop new hypothesis about the physical fundaments of Reality, new approaches to the study of the natural phenomena of information, energy, matter and the dynamics of the material forms. It also seeks to promote new addresses of experimental research to encourage the study of the properties of the fundamental physical structures involved in the construction of Reality. Evolutionary Physics proposes a continuously evolving model, where concepts and descriptions co-evolve with the development of a consistent formalization. Key terms like Source, Force, Field, Event, Action, Relation, Information, Forms, are indicated with a capital letter, to discern their meanings from those attributed in common or current scientific language.

More in general, Evolutionary Knowledge represents a holistic approach to the observation of the natural and human world, based on an integral extension of the evolutionary theory and on a critical review of the constructivist approach. It is Knowledge of Reality and its manifestation, the Universe in evolution. I aim to develop a unitary explicative framework, an evolutionary organic theory of natural phenomena, of the material world. And more, a theory of the cognitive phenomena of living beings, of the man and its individual and collective expressions. The dynamics of the whole Reality. Only for description purposes, we can ideally think Evolutionary Knowledge as composed of three main parts:

• Evolutionary Physics, which studies the natural forms and phenomena as above,
• Evolutionary Metaphysics, which studies the cognitive forms created by the living beings (representation of Reality, semantic content of communication, culture, ecological and economic relations and structures, thoughts, dreams, etc.),
• Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences or Meta-metaphysics, which studies the functions and the processes by which the living beings, and more widely, the Finalistic Agents, create, share and transform Cognitive Structures and Forms.

Always under a unitary approach, we can identify each part of the object of the study of Evolutionary Knowledge as a domain of Reality. Therefore, we can talk about a physical domain, with its Physical Entities, Events, Relations and Processes, a metaphysical or cognitive domain, again with its Entities, Events, Relations and Processes, and a meta-metaphysical or meta-cognitive domain, with its own Entities, Events, Relations and Processes. Ontology (Entities), phenomenology (Events) and dynamics (Relations and Processes) are the three perspectives of the study and the description of Reality. At any level of complexity of Reality:

• Ontology studies the existence of Reality itself, the Fundamental Entities and all the derived entities that produce existence (Entities, Sources, Forces and Fields couples)
• Phenomenology studies the essence, the form of Reality, the Elementary Events and the complex events that happen (Events and Relations)
• Dynamics studies the interactions between the Entities and the Relations between the Events, the Processes and their evolution

"evKnowledge" is a research project aimed at promoting and developing Evolutionary Knowledge, together with related sub-projects such as Evolutionary Physics. All theoretical research results are collected in a comprehensive and open-access wiki resource under construction, known as the Evolutionary Knowledge Base. All materials and documents in the knowledge base are also freely navigable through a proprietary web application called "Semantic Maps Viewer " that allows users to explore the various topics and their connections, as if they were navigating a set of interconnected maps within the territories of Evolutionary Knowledge.

In addition to a synthetic description of this general theoretical framework and a brief history of the creation and evolution of the Universe, this paper focuses on specific aspects of the physical world, formulating some hypotheses about the fundamental nature of Reality and some proposals on how to orient research. In this model, Reality is seen as a Process, something that happens, that exists because it happens, and at the same time, the ever-changing result of this same Process.

I will try to describe the Process of Formation of Reality (PFR for short), and the creative and evolutive aspects that characterize this fundamental process itself. In evKnowledge, the PFR is intended as the conceptual framework in which all the hypotheses about the structure of Reality and the Universe, about Information, Energy and Matter, take form and, for me, assume a unitary, coherent sense. It is the unitary and universal process by which the two aspects of the Source, the fundamental active sub-entity interacting with the elementary passive one, cause the Formation, Creation and Evolution, of Reality. This universal Process is a multilevel Process. It includes all the Derivative Processes that, at various levels of Reality, of complexity, realize all the phenomena that we can observe in the Universe.

The PFR describes the Relations between the fundamental Entities that give form to the Reality: "agents", the Forces, and "acted", the Fields, (as the two complementary aspects of the Sources, active and passive respectively) and the Events produced by their interactions. Events (always created by the "Action" of Agents / Forces on Acted / Fields), as direct expressions of the Sources through the interaction of their active and passive aspects, represent the various forms of Existence. The Existence itself, in its true essence, can be defined as "a manifestation of a Source, a Force acting on a Field, producing Events and Relations that organize them in Processes". In very short, The Process of Formation of Reality transforms the input, the "manifestation of the Primary Source of Reality", the incessant Action of the Force on the Field, into the output: Information, Structure, Form, "Complexity".

We will see how common-sense concepts as source(s), entities, events, relations, cause, space, time, force, field, action, information, energy, matter, mass, motion, charge, spin, structure, form, etc., in this framework assume different meanings, passing from the elementary levels of Reality to the more complex ones, and a new and deeper sense, unveiling some crucial aspect of the structure of the world. We will see how coherence and the "collective behaviour" of huge amounts of variously organized Elementary Events shape the infinitely small, and how what happens at the tiniest scales draws the dynamics and gives shape to the whole Universe. I will repeat these concepts infinite times and I will try to decline them in all levels, dimensions and aspects of Reality to try to describe and explain the infinite complexity of Nature.

The Process of Formation of Reality - Creation and Evolution - Synthetic View

In the section named "What exists? What happens? How happens?" I will try to explain my vision of what exists in the Reality, or what we can say that exists, what is real in a physical sense, what makes up Physical Reality. In my opinion, essentially, we can say that entities (the Sources in their active and passive aspects, Forces and Fields) exist "in and because of" their interaction that produce the existence in the form of Events, the variations of the states of passive Entities (Fields) causally produced by active Entities (Forces).

Even to the very foundations of Reality, the relational aspects show their constitutional nature, as in the more complex levels of Reality, where the Relations between Events, the patterns of organization that in this work I call Information, give structure to the Forms that compose the Universe. Relational aspects emerge at any level of Reality, even in the definition of the fundamental dimensions of Reality: Causality (Cause), on the active side of the Formation, and Spatiality and Temporality (Space and Time) as expression of Variationality (Variation) on the passive side.

Even Space and Time, that are commonly (and, in my opinion, wrongly) intended as entities, in the basic hypothesis made in Evolutionary Physics, must be intended as manifestations, expressions of the same fundamental dynamics. Phenomena emerging from the relations between the Events that animate the elementary level of Reality, visions of a former, in a causal sense, emerging complexity from the most elementary level of the Source and the dynamics of its two aspects. So, we can't say that Space and Time exist, in a common sense. Rather we should say that Space and Time happen, emerging from the relations between those elementary events, which represent Existence at the very basic level of Reality.

If the Source should stop to manifest itself, if the Force and the Field should stop to interact, the incessant creation of the Elementary Event will stop, and, together, Space and Time, and everything in the Universe will instantly disappear and no one could be witness of it. Because everything, including us, is (made of) "organized Events", nets of Relations, of interactions between Events, Information that gives form to Processes of Events organized by Relations, we can dramatically conclude that "no Events = no Reality". From this radical vision of the fundaments of the Existence and the Essence / Form, Creation and Evolution, we can construct the new vision of the Reality proposed by Evolutionary Physics, as described in this paper.

Observing the world, the ever changing evolving Nature, it is impossible not to see and feel the action of the immense force that animates and enlivens this incessant creative and evolutive process. The unity in the diversity, simplicity under complexity. It seems impossible that the Universe in evolution is the product of a unique creative event in a distant past. It seriously seems unlikely that all the physical phenomena, all the events of energy and matter, that we discover day by day, are the result of a "charge" received by the space-time many billion years ago.

This Force, the Fundamental Force, I think as incessantly causing the emergence of the most elementary level of Reality from Nothingness, is the active side of the Primary Source of Reality, the passive side being the Elementary Field. From the interaction (that I call Creation) of these two fundamental Entities, Reality incessantly emerges with all the Derived Forces and Fields, and the relative interactions that characterize the physical world. These Derived Forces, Fields and Interactions are not independent Entities, they are only different views, different aspects of the dynamics of the product of the inner interaction of the Fundamental Force and the Elementary Field: the Elementary Action, represented by the inhomogeneities in the distributions of the Elementary Events.

Everything originates and emerges from this fundamental incessant interaction. The basic properties / physical quantities of Physical Reality: Causality, Space, Time, Mass, Motion, Charge and Spin, which manifest themselves through the Derived Forces and Fields that we see in action in the Physical Reality, producing the complex Phenomena we can observe in the physical world. And more, the Gravitational and Electromagnetic Forces, Fields and Interactions, that support those basic properties, Causality, Spatiality, Temporality, etc. at more complex level of Reality. And then, the Dark (invisible) and the Ordinary (visible) Energy and Matter, with their metric and gravitational phenomena. Energy and Matter the represent basic forms of Information, what gives form to Physical Reality. The Structures of Information (Waves, Vortices / Particles and their Interactions). And finally, the objects, the Forms, that make up the incessantly evolving Universe.

At an abstract level, in terms of Entities, Events, Relations and Processes, we can imagine how the manifestation of the Primary Source (the fundamental causal operative agent, the Fundamental Force expressing its "Action" on the Elementary Field) incessantly creates Elementary Events, in the sub-process we call Creation. Variations whose inhomogeneities in their distributions represent the Elementary Action, the "substance" from which everything is made. The organization of Relations between such inhomogeneities represents Information, the object of Evolution, the second sub-process empowered by the Source. From the increasingly complex organization of Information, the derived forces and fields emerge, and so the interactions that shape Reality, at all the nested levels of complexity at which we can observe this universal formative Process. "All that exists", emerges from the organization of Elementary Action into Information, and from the organization of Information into Structures, Forms, Systems, up to the Universe as a whole. Creation and Evolution, Existence and Essence / Form.

At a more concrete level, translating into physical terms what has been expressed above at an abstract level, we can imagine how the Action of the Fundamental Force (with its intensity) on the Elementary Field (with its resistance, or rather its resistances to linear and rotational deformations, stress and torsion) incessantly produces "variations", elementary fluctuations of spatial distances, areas, infinitesimal volumes, in resonance around the Planck scale. The inhomogeneities of the temporal distributions of such infinitesimal spatial fluctuations represent what we have called Elementary Action. This is what everything is made of, from waves and particles, up to the largest and most complex cosmic structures. The correlation between these inhomogeneities (in the different aspects of intensity, linear orientation, chirality, and orientation of the rotational axis) represents Information at the most elementary level, what from the physical point of view is called Energy in its various fundamental forms (deformation of the Space-Time Metric / Mass, Motion, Charge, Spin). From the organization / structuring of Information / Energy emerge the Structures that we observe as derived Forces and Fields (quantum fields), (quantum) objects as Waves, Particles / Halos and their Interactions. From the organization of the Structures of Information (Energy / Matter Structures, both Dark and Ordinary) arise the Forms and Systems in which they are organized, in nested levels of increasing Complexity (from atoms to the largest cosmic structures, to the infinite Universe in its entirety). Creation (production of Action, of Existence) and Evolution (production of Information, of Structures, of Forms, of the Essence / Form of Reality).

This paper focuses on the structural and dynamical properties of the Fundamental Force and the Elementary Field, the basic entities from whose interaction all the existing entities and the natural phenomena, the objects studied by physical sciences, originate and emerge. Force and Field, as one in the Source, and all the derived forces and fields that we see in the Nature, are complementary aspects, different expressions of a unique Source. Force and Field respectively are the active and the passive counterparts of a unique Entity, origin of Reality and all the natural phenomena.

The Primary Source manifests itself, expresses itself through its two active and passive aspects, Force and Field. This expression represents its fundamental property, which we call the Agency of the Source. The Agency has an active subject, the Force, the primary Agent, a passive object, the Field, the primary Acted, and a product, an outcome, the Action, which in its most elementary form we have called the Elementary Action, which, as mentioned, manifests itself as inhomogeneity in the temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations in resonance around the Planck scale.

We therefore have a causal aspect, the active side of the Agency of the Source, which represents the causal dimensionality of Reality, "Causality", precisely. And a variational aspect, the passive side of the Agency, which represents the variational dimensionality, "Variationality", precisely, which is expressed in the two sub-aspects of Spatiality and Temporality. From these dimensionalities the three dimensions of Reality emerge: Cause (or Force) plus Space and Time (or Variation). Force, Space and Time together are precisely the components of Action.

If ideally (which is practically impossible) we interrupt the flow of Time, therefore we take a snapshot at zero time, from Action (Force * Space * Time) we obtain Information in its most elementary form, Energy (Force * Space), the organizational scheme of the Relations between Events. Action therefore synthesizes the causal and variational aspects of the incessant development of Reality, from the most infinitesimal elementary level to the broadest and most complex.

In the manifestation of the Agency of the Source, Force and Field are complementary subject and object', and although they exercise different roles and possess different properties, in their inner interaction they manifest characteristics of the complementary sub-entity. The Field, under the Action of the Force, exercising its resistance, deforms into what we call Variations, which in turn produce what we can consider reactive forces that tend to restore homogeneity, to eliminate the Variations. The Force interacts with these reactive forces, locally modifying its intensity. This induces a reaction of the Force aimed at restoring its local intensity (passive - active behavior), in an incessant and continuous game of Action and Reaction. Therefore, we can say that in this game, the Field, passive aspect of the Agency of the Source, in its reaction also appears active, and the Force, active aspect, in the interaction with the reaction of the Field also appears passive. From the incessant dynamic balance of these expressions, Reality arises at the most elementary level, whose dynamics reverberate at all levels of complexity.

Forces and Fields are complementary aspects of the Sources, inseparable sub-entities, unitary pairs. It is already misleading to represent them as different aspects, although united and inseparable. We are doing this for descriptive purposes, and to provide links to the concepts of physics and ordinary experience. In fact, the Sources are indivisible, monolithic entities that exhibit complementary behaviors that we call Causality and Variationality (Spatiality and Temporality). From the interaction between these behaviors, which we improperly describe as interactions between Force and Fields, arises the elementary dynamics of reality that we can summarize in the three Fundamental Principles of Evolutionary Dynamics: Uncertainty, Action and Reaction, Least Action.

The Elementary Field is a unitary, evolutive, dynamic and conservative Field, whose dynamics supports every existing Information, Structure, Form, from the quantum vacuum to the structures of Dark (invisible) and Ordinary (visible) Matter, up to complex forms, stars and galaxies, and living creatures. It is the support of the geometric (Space) and sequential (Time) aspects of Reality and of all the other Properties and Quantities that characterize Physical Reality, such as Mass, Motion, Charge and Spin. All the Fields that we can observe in the physical world (the gravitational field, the electric and magnetic fields, etc.) can be seen as Fields derived from that, as different visions, different perspectives of observation of the Elementary Field.

Moving from the level of Action to the next level of Reality, a crescendo of complexity arises. It is the level of Information, another fundamental aspect of the Process of Formation of Reality, where Information, together with Action, plays an essential role. "In-form-action": what gives form to Action. In Evolutionary Knowledge, I consider Information as organized Action, and, at the same time, as the ability to organize Action. Information is the very object of Evolution, and itself a main step in the causal and variational evolution of Reality (Force, Action, In-form-action, Form).

At each level of Reality, Information represents the whole set, the network of Relations that link the Events together. At the elementary levels of Reality, Information consists in the patterns of organization of the net of Relations between the Elementary Events (the fluctuations of the Elementary Field, that make up the most elementary form of Existence, the Elementary Action). Information is the object of the evolutionary Processes that give form to more and more complex Events from the very elementary level of the Field up to the most complex levels of the material and immaterial Forms.

In short, “Force - Action - Information - Form” is the core of the Process of Formation of Reality, its central pillar, the functional / operative structure that I call "the main causal chain of Reality". This fundamental structure incessantly empowers not only the formation of the physical side, by also the cognitive side of the world. Two sides of the same coin, these two aspects, the Physical Reality and the Meta, or Cognitive, Reality co-evolve to create the evolving Universe that enchants us with its increasing complexity.

As fundamental sub-processes that together realize the Process of Formation of Reality, as manifestations of the Force that interacts with the Field, Creation and Evolution, produce Elementary Events and Relations between them, respectively Action and Information, models of organization of the Relations between Events, which form Structures and Forms that make up the Universe. Creation operates in the absolute domain, where only the Field exists, a unitary field, animated by the Force, with its fluctuations, the Elementary Events. Evolution operates in the relative domain, where the objects of incessant mutation are not the Events, but the Relations between them. Events that become increasingly complex dynamic aggregates, in vast and articulated networks of Relations that connect them dynamically in Processes. This is Information, which evolves producing multiplicity, complexity in the relative realm. We can therefore see Creation as the dynamics of the interaction between the "fundamental Entities" and Evolution as the dynamics of the interactions between the "derived Entities".

Everything evolves. Or, better, everything co-evolves, since in the Elementary Field and in the world of Information that is supported by it, everything is connected (with the limits imposed by the finite speed of propagation of Causality, Action and Information in the Field - a quantity commonly called "speed of light"). The very Essence of Reality is incessant mutation, variation, change, Evolution.

Subject to Evolution are the ways in which Forces act and the ways in which the constraints, specific to the Fields, limit the expression of such Forces. Even the laws of Nature, the ways in which the Fundamental Principles of Evolutionary Dynamics express themselves at the various levels of Reality, evolve. And again, the quantities that we consider "constant" evolve, change, in co-evolution with the whole of Reality.

From a non-deterministic, non-reductionist and constructivist perspective, we can say that even the laws of Nature can theoretically change and co-evolve with the increase in complexity of Physical Reality, although they are highly stable in the dilated time horizon of the dynamics of the Universe. The road to complexity is so arduous that the time frame in which evolutionary processes express themselves by modifying the manifestations of the fundamental principles that we call natural laws can only be very long. On the other hand, I must say that, paradoxically, the model proposed in Evolutionary Physics implies less need for drastic changes in the laws of Nature than commonly accepted cosmological models. Big Bang, Inflation, the accelerated expansion of the Universe, the multiverse, etc. often conceptually make radical and sudden changes in natural laws necessary. Alongside these theoretical needs is the fundamentally contradictory and not always clear idea that there must exist, or have existed in the past, special places (singularities) in which certain natural laws as we know them today were not valid or manifested themselves in a rather different way.

In other words, since we develop and use laws to describe Nature, and not only to predict the results of experiments, we must not give up establishing stable laws. But at the same time we must always keep in mind that laws, like everything else in the world, can change over time and in the causal dimension of Reality. Although they cannot change in the spatial dimension (in this model we exclude that there are special places in the Universe, i.e. singularities), laws can evolve over time and with the increase in the causal and variational complexity of Reality. Even if the Fundamental principles from which they derive do not change, natural laws, as expressions of the fundamental principles of Evolutionary Dynamics, can appear, manifest themselves in very different ways, especially at the most complex levels of Cognitive Reality (Meta-Reality).

Having lost the idea of ​​a fixed set of laws, the mystery reappears. The mystery, which we have banished from so many areas of our knowledge of Reality, reappears in the field of its primary causal origin. The mystery about the Source of Reality (what it really is, why it exists, where it comes from and how it came into existence) and about its formative action (why and how the Source expresses itself in the Creation and Evolution of Reality), in its fundamental complementary manifestations, the Force and the Field.

Everything emerges incessantly from the most basic level of Reality, with new properties, new dynamics, new possibilities. The actual and the possible incessantly co-evolve towards more complex states, in a continuous, but not necessarily linear, flow. Anti-entropic and entropic processes interact incessantly in the formation of the Physical and Cognitive Evolution of new and different Forms and meta-forms, which, in turn, co-evolve, influencing each other. Selection, the third component of the evolutionary engine that operates in the Formation of Reality, also co-evolves with those processes.

This is a creative and evolutive Universe, in which not only the existing evolves, but also the possible co-evolves with the existing, the actual, to build the future, which incessantly becomes present and immediately past.

Although the fundamental pattern of the Formation of Reality at the most basic level is so simple, it manifests and operates in infinitely different ways at the subsequent levels of Reality, producing the ever-evolving Complexity of the Universe. Therefore, in this article I will show it many and many times, in many different ways, to make it clear and to describe the multiple forms in which this pattern manifests, incessantly emerging from the most basic levels of existence to the most complex forms, to the entire evolving Universe.

An infinite Process of Formation, where everything is virtually connected to everything else, where complexity emerges from the less complex layers of Reality, in an incessant evolution. From the physical world to the cognitive one, in a continuum that animates Reality. An integrated, unitary vision of Matter and Mind that arise from the same foundations and interact. Physical and Cognitive Reality as aspects, phases of the same unitary Reality, Physical and Meta-Physical, which can be the foundation of a renewed spirituality, with Man and Humanity, Evolution and the emerging Complexity at the center of the scene, manifestations of the Force and the Field, subject and object of the formative function of the Source of Reality.

What do we need now? In my opinion, we must focus on both theoretical and experimental research, aiming to achieve a significant advancement in our understanding of Reality. By fostering continuous interaction between these two sides, we can move beyond what is currently known, accepted, acceptable, the current thinkable knowledge. We need fresh perspectives, novel experiments, innovative ideas, and new concepts and relationships among them.

Science observes Nature through accredited theories and models, especially through the group "Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Field Theory, Standard Model of Particles" and the group "General Relativity, Special Relativity, Classical Mechanics", and through strong expectations of unification in the various models of Quantum Gravity.

This is positive in some ways, because it gives direction to research, both in the theoretical and experimental fields. It avoids having to always start from scratch, to wander in the dark. But at the same time it is negative (I would dare say very harmful) for research, because it introduces and consolidates multiple and robust cognitive and interpretative prejudices and biases that undermine the possibilities of real progress in science in this historical moment characterized by a substantial impasse, not to mention a real multilevel and multidisciplinary crisis, in the face of a growing mass of observations, data, information of a level, depth and quality never seen before.

One of the skills that should best accompany today's researchers should be the ability to unlearn, to observe Nature with ever new eyes, to transcend models and theories laboriously constructed to grasp new and different aspects of Reality that seem to require "paradigm shifts"... the courage to grope in the dark and look for new points of reference, new routes, new ways to navigate the vast ocean of knowledge.

Therefore, I think we need many things. First, we need courage. Courage to abandon our current vision of Physical Reality. We don't need to refuse the main current physical theories (i.e. general relativity, quantum mechanics, standard model of particles, standard cosmological model, etc.). Theories that, although in some respects begin to show inconsistencies and inaccuracies, in general represent great successes on the path of the research for knowledge. We need to go further, to watch reality from different perspectives, to abandon certainties that strongly limit our possibilities to let emerge a new vision of Nature.

I think we need many things. First of all, we need courage. Courage to abandon our current vision of Physical Reality. There is no need to throw the main current physical theories (General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Field Theory, Standard Particle Model, Standard Cosmological Model, etc.) in the trash. Theories that, although in some respects they are starting to show incompleteness, inconsistencies and imprecisions, in general represent great successes in the path of the search for knowledge and maintain their validity in more or less broad areas of Nature. But we need to transcend them, integrate them, in any case to go beyond, to look at Reality from different perspectives, to abandon certainties that strongly limit our possibilities to bring out a new vision of Nature, broader, deeper and above all unitary.

We must review, without prejudice, the foundations of current theories, their very pillars, which influence our vision of the whole and the relationships between the parts of our current fragmented knowledge. And reconsider some other theories, inserting them into a broader framework, improving their compatibility and descriptive power, to reach and reveal the elementary level unity that underlies the multiplicity of the phenomenological reality that we directly experience.

For me, among all, we need to review and overcome:

• the matter centric vision (atomism)
• the non-locality hypothesis
• the theory of Big Bang and Inflation, and more generally the Standard Cosmological Model
• the current conception of Space-time and the constancy of the speed of light as in Special and General Relativity
• the concept of unknowability of Reality as in Quantum Mechanics

And, what about current theoretical developments in physics, quantum gravity of all? I would like to point out that in the context of evolutionary physics, it makes no sense to quantize gravity, which manifests a natural and well-functioning continuous nature (see General Relativity). The trick is to understand and model how from continuity discreteness can emerge, how from continuous Fields can emerge objects "Particles" with a definite and quantized Mass and "Waves" with discrete Energy. But, for me and as we will see later, the answer to this crucial and very important question can only emerge when we fully understand the nature of continuity and discreteness, of Forces and Fields, of Mass and Motion, and so on.

In addition of course to understanding the nature of Charge and Spin in terms of the dynamics of Elementary Events, of Elementary Action in the Elementary Field and its "modes" of expression that will lead us to find an answer to the problem of the quantization of electric charges and the magnetic spin, of the quantized structure of atoms and of the quantum energy of photons, which are formed and propagated in a continuous field. I think that Reality, in its foundations, has a continuous elementary nature. But quantization emerges early from this basic layer, first because Elementary Events can appear as the seeds of the quantum, as I understand them as small local variations in the distributions of the tiny fluctuations of the local dynamics of the Elementary Field (concepts close to vacuum energy, quantum foam, etc.). In my opinion, localization can appear as a precursor to individuations, and individuations as a precursor to quantization.

So, I think, we cannot make physics without GR and QM and the full mastery of the dynamics of the continuous as well as the quantum fields are essential to correctly and fully describe the physical world. However, even if I believe that every idea, theory and the associated mathematics can be useful in the construction of this new framework, in the field of quantum gravity I think that loop quantum gravity is more interesting than string theory, especially the version named Spin Foam, which seems closer to my vision of the dynamics of the Elementary Action.

So, I think that we cannot do physics today without GR, QM, etc. and that a full mastery of continuum dynamics and quantum fields are essential to correctly and completely describe the physical world. However, while I believe that any idea, theory, and associated mathematics can be useful in building this new framework, in the field of quantum gravity I do not think that string theory or loop quantum gravity can lead to a real and profound turning point. Other ideas, hypotheses, visions are needed. Some of these are the subject of the proposals advanced in this work. These are of course hints, embryos, sparks that I hope can be developed by those who have the necessary knowledge and preparation.

Back on what we need, there are answers that we have to give, some "no", some "maybe" and some more difficult and courageous "yes".

We have to say some "NO":

• no Space and Time as entities (they do not exist a priori, they emerge from the dynamics of a more elementary level of Reality, they are Phenomena, Relations between Events)
• no Big Bang (the Universe, Reality, were not born in a precise instant, but have always existed, in forms that are less and less complex, more elementary the further we move away from the present to delve into the depths of remote Time)
• no Inflation (no exponential expansion to solve cosmological problems that should find other solutions: horizon, flatness, monopole, quantum fluctuations)
• no CMB as a fossil of the big bang (no residue of an event that never happened, but the black body radiation produced by the normal spontaneous dynamics of the Elementary Field)
• no constancy of the "speed of light" (the limit value in the speed of propagation of causality / action / information, but not constant in Space and Time)
• no to the use of the concept of continuous creation of pairs (pairs e- and e+) as a way to explain obscure aspects of the dynamics of the quantum vacuum, the structure of the nucleus of atoms, etc. ()
• no to the current representation of the phenomenon known as quantum entanglement (no physical connection between entangled quantum objects, no non-local effect, no action at a distance, but a phenomenon produced by the dynamic evolution of quantum objects characterized by substructurality and polydynamicity)
• no to the hypothesis of the multiverse (we cannot explain a universe, because we have to complicate our lives by having to explain infinite ones, which we will never be able to observe)
• no to the hypothesis of the particle nature of Dark Matter (Dark Matter halos are not composed of particles, but of turbulent extended low density of the vortex type Structures of Information)

We have to say some "MAYBE", which, in the future, with the improvement of research, I hope can become some "YES":

• the coexistence of continuity and discreteness / quantization of the associated physical quantities (continuity of the Field and discreteness of the Structures in the Field)
• CMB as a "thermal fingerprint" of today's cosmos ("today" understood as in Relativity), different temperatures of different portions of the Elementary Field, corresponding to the vast structures of Dark Matter / Dark Energy that compose the cosmic web
• the non-particle nature of the weak density Dark Matter distributed on large scales, as compressions / expansions in the dynamics of the Elementary Field

And finally, we must say some "YES", right now, as foundations of the model of description of Reality that I am proposing here:

• it is impossible to truly understand the physical world, without a deeper understanding of the entire structure of Reality and its fundamental nature
• Reality, like everything in Nature, comes from a Source. The world is incessantly fed by a Force that, acting on a Field, incessantly operates the Creation and Evolution of Reality
• Existence is incessant movement, or rather, change, variation, mutation. In other words, what happens exists, only Processes exist (Events organized by Relations)
• the incessant emergence of the causal, spatial and temporal dimensions of Reality, as fundamental aspects, ways in which the Relations between Events are expressed

This document is organized into five main parts that gather the twelve chapters.

The fist part, the Introduction, outlines the purpose, the scope, the main objectives of this paper, and more generally, of the Evolutionary Knowledge Project. Then, some notes on the main questions on Physical Reality, on the current crisis in physics and cosmology. A few words about the global vision proposed in this paper and the construction of a new system of knowledge, a new framework can help us better understand how our world works.

In the second part you will find an important chapter which, in a not too systematic way, try to give us a first look and to outline something very essential on this model of description of Reality, The second chapter, entitled "A first look", exposes the main hypotheses, proposals, ideas about Reality, important contributions (I hope) to try to explain some of the fundamental unsolved mysteries in physics and cosmology, and to reach a broader and deeper unified description and explanation of Nature, both in the microcosm, with a better representation of the nature and dynamics of the small objects that make up the physical world, and in the macrocosm, with better models of the vast structures that compose it, and the history, evolution and structure of the cosmos. Each item as a title, a slogan, a new path towards new scientific projects.

Then, in the third part:

• the third chapter entitled "Reality? Universe?", where I will try to give an overview of this model of description of Physical Reality and its main characteristics
• the fourth chapter, "The Fundamental Nature of Reality", an overview of this project that aims to construct a new system of knowledge about Reality and how it works
• the fifth chapter, "What exists? What happens? How happens?"

The fourth part collects all the chapters dedicated to the description of the Process of Formation of Reality, which describe the incessant Creation and the Evolution of Reality as a manifestation of the Primary Source of Reality:

• The Process of Formation of Physical Reality
• The Primary Source of Reality: the Fundamental Force and the Elementary Field
• Action: the Creation of Existence
• Information: the Evolution of Essence / Form
• The Structures of Information
• The Forms and the Universe

Conclusions: a look into the future ideally follows as the fifth and final part of this work, with a few words about the process of constructing this new framework, to summarize the fundamental aspects of this particular approach to the study of Nature and to show some hypotheses on formalization in Evolutionary Physics and how to direct observations and experiments to help develop this new model of description of Reality.

And furthermore, back to what we need, in my opinion it is important to develop a wide and adaptive theoretical framework that can encompass all the knowledge collected in the past and, at the same time, the new knowledge we gather and build about Reality every day. A set of theoretical tools, such as an ontology, a phenomenology, and a wide and articulated dynamics, to describe Reality across all levels of Complexity. A semantic system that can accommodate all the knowledge coming from science and, simultaneously, the knowledge from humanities, philosophies, religions, mysticism, traditions, and so on. I believe we need to go beyond the rigidity and dogmatism of determinism, positivism, scientism, and, at the same time, beyond the superficial and picturesque appearance of magical thinking, beliefs and superstition, to capitalize on all the valuable contributions from both science and traditional knowledge, in a new, deeper and broader vision of the physical Nature and the cognitive Mind in a creative and evolving Universe.

We also need a good and robust system of formalization, incorporating a new mathematical language and innovative structures capable of quantitatively describing Physical Reality. This system should be able to recover and leverage the immense wealth of mathematical tools currently utilized in physics.

Moreover, we need new classes of experiments, focused of the Elementary Field and the Structures of Information that evolve within it. Additionally, a critical re-visitation of fundamental experiments, such as the double-slit experiment, in all its versions.

For me it is not necessary to build huge accelerators, or conduct complex experiments, or develop extensive mathematical frameworks, to uncover the fundamental principles that describe the essence of the nature of Reality. It is "sufficient" to observe “something”, even a simple natural phenomenon, an everyday common event. Instead, we need accelerators, experiments and mathematics to understand and describe the emergent Complexity of the world, the infinite forms that incessantly evolve from those principles, from the very elementary levels of Reality to the most complex ones.

In the end, we fundamentally need a new way of observing Reality, free from prejudgments and preconceptions, open to the search for new and different meanings, even in the most mature scientific fields and for the more established theories. A unified path to Knowledge that can embrace all the aspects of Reality with a common language and shared principles, a science capable of grasping the Complexity of Nature and, together, returning to the unity of Reality, in search of the Source and the primary principles that shape the Universe in which we live.

The courage to leave the safe places, to venture into the unexplored and unknown territories of a new system of knowledge.

Links to the tables of contents of TFNR Paper

• Go to the contents list of the paper "The Fundamental Nature of Reality"