Difference between revisions of "TFNR - Atoms"

Revision as of 16:22, 31 July 2023

Atoms are the building blocks of what we call ordinary matter (which we normally identify with visible matter, which can be seen, as opposed to dark matter, which we cannot see as it does not appear to emit any electromagnetic radiation, but can only be detected through the observation of its gravitational effects).

Atom: any system of interacting matter particles (elementary and composite vortices) with a nucleus composed of at least one proton (or anti-proton --> anti-atom).

The order of magnitude of the spatial extension of atoms is around 10^-10) meters (presumable order of magnitude of the spatial extension of the atomic nucleus: 10^-15) presumable order of magnitude of the spatial extent of electron in an atom: 10^-?.

Although the concept of the atom and the atomistic approach to the study of matter come from afar, in particular from some Greek philosophers, an extremely intense effort has been devoted to the study of the atom and of atonic phenomena, especially in the last two centuries.

The atom cannot be described in a classical frame of reference, but requires a quantum approach. To identify its structure, try to explain atomic phenomena, such as the emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation or photons, or radioactive decay, etc. , but above all to predict the results of observations / experiments / measurements, some quantum physical models of the atom have been developed. These models predict the presence and interaction of a dense nucleus containing massive particles we call nucleons and an electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

To study the nucleus and nuclear phenomena, a series of physical disciplines and specific theories have been developed and are still being developed: nuclear physics (of the structure of the nucleus and of nuclear reactions), theories of nuclear forces (weak and strong), radioactivity (alpha, beta and gamma), and in the field of the Quantum Fields Theory: the Quantum Chromodynamics QCD, the Quantum Electrodynamics QED, etc.

As part of the evolutionary approach to the study of the reality covered by this paper, a particular model of the electronic cloud is proposed which derives from the specific representation of matter particles, in particular the electron, which we have outlined in the previous chapters. In particular, the atomic orbital is not seen as the physical volume of space where the electron "can be calculated to be present", a value expressed as the probability of finding the electron in a certain point of the orbital, but as the "actual spatial form that the electron assumes" when, interacting with the nucleus, with itself, with any other electrons present in the atom, with the surrounding atomic environment, it finds its place within the volume of space (or rather the Field Elementary) which houses the atom itself.

To understand deeper aspects of Physical Reality and attempt to account for the (supposed) 95% of the energy content of the Universe other than ordinary matter, it is my opinion that it is necessary to overcome the atomistic theory and the centrality of the concepts of atom and particle in the description of Nature and the Physical Phenomena.

Links to the tables of contents of TFNR Paper

• Go to the contents list of the paper "The Fundamental Nature of Reality"

• Go to Chapter 2 "A first look"