Difference between revisions of "TFNR - Substances"

Revision as of 18:06, 9 September 2023

Source: Wikipedia

At the level of Forms, by "substance" we mean any aggregate of atoms and molecules or any set of dark structures. Hence, a substrate made up of visible matter or of dark matter.

The term substance is currently assimilated with that of matter, or chemical substance.

In this context, at this level of Reality, we can identify a multiplicity of different substances, and various different mixes of them, which constitute objects of Physical Reality. The air we breathe (composed of various different substances, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, rare gases, water vapour, traces of other substances and various pollutants), the water we drink (here too, oxygen and hydrogen, dissolved gases, minerals, ions of other elements, etc.), sand, rocks, our blood, bird feathers, a fork, but also the halo of tenuous and diffuse dark matter that contains our solar system, infinite composite objects from one to countless substances.

These are always "derived" substances, since the one and only fundamental substance that makes up the entire Reality, and therefore all these multiple derived substances, is the Elementary Action (the inhomogeneities in the distributions of the Elementary Events, the infinitesimal fluctuations of / in the Elementary Field under the incessant Action of the Fundamental Force, deriving from the inner interaction between the two aspects of the Source of Reality.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_theory

Substance theory, or substance–attribute theory, is an ontological theory positing that objects are constituted each by a substance and properties borne by the substance but distinct from it. In this role, a substance can be referred to as a substratum or a thing-in-itself.[1][2] Substances are particulars that are ontologically independent: they are able to exist all by themselves.[3][4] Another defining feature often attributed to substances is their ability to undergo changes. Changes involve something existing before, during and after the change. They can be described in terms of a persisting substance gaining or losing properties.[3] Attributes or properties, on the other hand, are entities that can be exemplified by substances.[5] Properties characterize their bearers; they express what their bearer is like.[4]

Substance is a key concept in ontology, the latter in turn part of metaphysics, which may be classified into monist, dualist, or pluralist varieties according to how many substances or individuals are said to populate, furnish, or exist in the world. According to monistic views, there is only one substance. Stoicism and Spinoza, for example, hold monistic views, that pneuma or God, respectively, is the one substance in the world. These modes of thinking are sometimes associated with the idea of immanence. Dualism sees the world as being composed of two fundamental substances (for example, the Cartesian substance dualism of mind and matter). Pluralist philosophies include Plato's Theory of Forms and Aristotle's hylomorphic categories.

The term substance is currently assimilated with that of matter, or chemical substance.

In the sense of matter -> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter

In the sense of chemical substance -> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_substance

Links to the tables of contents of TFNR Paper

• Go to the contents list of the paper "The Fundamental Nature of Reality"

• Go to Chapter 2 "A first look"