View source for TFNR - Space-time and metric phenomena


'''What we intend here for Space-time (curvature) and metric phenomena'''

Space-time is a derived Field, a partial and specific vision of the Elementary Field fucused on the organization of the correlation of Perturbation.

The curvature of Space-time is '''a deformation, inhomogeneity''' (local, more or less extensive, more or less uniform or non-uniform, more or less irregular / turbulent or regular / orderly) '''of the Elementary Field in relation to the Component of the Elementary Action that we call Perturbation'''. 

We speak generically of curvature of Space-time, but we should expressly speak of curvature of Time, since Space, at the size scales of the Information Structures that make up Visible Matter, and even more so of the InfoStructures that make up Dark Matter, is flat. The fluctuations of spatial distances, which represent the fundamental infinite dynamism of Physical Reality, are confined to the smallest scales, as mentioned with resonance around the Planck scale. '''It is Time that curves''', which is inhomogeneous, and consequently the speed of propagation of Causality, Action, etc. 

It is precisely from the organization of such temporal inhomogeneities that Mass arises (positive inhomogeneity -> Mass, negative inhomogeneity - > Dark Energy), fundamental property of the InfoStructures that constitute the Dark and Visible Matter. Indeed we must say that the "curvature of Time" is the "Mass", and viceversa. These two concepts are the same thing.

This is '''the root of metric phenomena'''. Metric phenomena are the phenomena that happen to Space-time, to Information / Energy, InfoStructures and the Forms that manifest themselves in it. 

The fundamental definition of metric, strictly related to the properties and dynamics of the [[Elementary Field]], is the difference of the intensity of Perturbation, the non-directional component of [[Action]] in a part of the Field with respect to the surrounding regions. '''Space-time curvature of the metrics''' determine the dimensions and the geometric properties of [[Physical Reality]].


'''In terms of the correlations between the temporal distributions of the spatial elementary fluctuations of the Elementary Field resonating around the Planck scale'''

Organization of the correlation of Perturbation... In the terms of the Dynamics of Elementary Field and the Components of Elementary Action, this means that Space-time is the manifestation, the product of the correlations between the temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations resonating around the Planck scale of each point event of Elementary Field. 

If the distributions in each point event or the considered portion of the Elementary Field are equal, we will see a flat Space-time, in a state of Emptyness (no Mass, no massive Dark and Visible InfoStructures, no Matter therefore, no GW Radiation). A flat Space-time can support (is not curved by) EM Radiation, and other forms of non-massive Information / Energy.

If the distributions in each point event or the considered portion of the Elementary Field are different, whether gradients are present in the distributions, we will see a curved Space-time, in a state of Somethingness (Dark and/or Visible InfoStructures, and/or GW and EM Radiation, other forms of Energy (electric / magnetic, etc.) in addition to the ubiquitous Elementary Energy produced by the spontaneous dynamics of the Elementary Field (concept assimilable to the zero point energy of quantum vacuum).

These gradients in the distributions of elementary fluctuations (we can consider them particular correlations between distributions in the form of gradients) represent:
*Positive Mass: Perturbation value greater than the universal or local average value of the portion of the Elementary Field considered, what is commonly called Dark Energy, which exerts repulsive gravitational force, or
*Negative Mass: Perturbation value lower than the universal or local average value of the portion of the Elementary Field considered, what is commonly called Mass of Dark and Visible Matter, which exerts an attractive gravitational force.

For the principle of general Equivalence, this is equivalent to values higher or lower than the average value of: *density of Elementary Events, 
*temperature of the Elementary Field, 
*speed of propagation of Causality, Action, Information / Energy (normally called speed of light in the vacuum).

The concept of metric (or Space-time extension of domains of / in the Elementary Field, that characterize the regions in which we find many kind of physical entities / quantities that we observe or suppose as basic constituents of the physical world: dark matter, dark energy, ordinary matter), '''in relation with the [[Principle of General Equivalence]], can be expressed in more than one way, all equivalent to the Metric''':
*the '''density of the Elementary Events''' (temporal distributions of spatial fluctuations of the Elementary Field on spatial scales around and below the Planck scale), 
*the '''amount of Perturbation''', the positive / negative ratio of the local (point-event or portion) density of Elementary Events with respect to that of the surroundings or of the Universe as a whole,(inhomogeneities/gradients in the distributions of the quantum fluctuations of the Elementary Field that we call Elementary Events) that characterize the Elementary Action,
*the '''temperature of the Elementary Field''' or the temperature of the Space-time (see the phenomena called CMB - Cosmic Microwave Background),
*'''velocity of propagation of Causality / Action / Information''' in the Elementary Field, or speed of light in the vacuum,
*the '''density of Mass / Dark Energy''' of the point-events / portions of the Field, that characterize many physical entities / quantities that we observe or suppose as basic constituents of the physical world: dark matter, dark energy, ordinary matter.


'''In terms of Entities, Events, Relations and Processes'''

Space-time is '''not an entity, something that exists in itself, fixed, immutable, absolute'''. It's not a Force, it's not a Field. '''It is a Phenomenon, something that happens''', the manifestation of the Action of the Fundamental Force on the Elementary Field. A particular view on a fundamental phenomenon that incessantly creates the most elementary form of Existence, Elementary Action, the spatial elementary fluctuations of the Elementary Field resonating around the Planck scale. 
As with everything that exists, for the entire Reality, '''Space-time can be defined as a Process''', a network of Events produced by Entities, organized by Relations.


'''In terms of Source (Force - Field), Action, Information, Form'''

In other words, Space-time is one of the (dynamic) Forms that the Elementary Field assumes under the Action of the Fundamental Force. A Form that manifests itself if we observe the dynamics of the Elementary Field in the Mode / Component of the Elementary Action that we call Perturbation, which supports what we could call Spatio-temporal Information / Energy.


'''In the unstructured Field (from the point of the Elementary Field and its dynamics)'''

Space-time exists as a manifestation of the spontaneous dynamics of the Elementary Field, even without the presence of InfoStructures. In the absence of Dark and/or Visible InfoStructures, Space, despite being extremely dynamic around the Planck scale and lower still, at the wave and particle scale, and even more so at higher scales, appears absolutely, completely flat, without any curvature. It is Time that is curved both at the lower scales and at the upper scales in the presence of InfoStructures. It is the curvature of Time that constitutes the Mass of Structures (Dark and Visible).


'''In the structured Field (from the point of view of InfoStructures in the Elementary Field, and their dynamics)'''

Why is Time curved? Why does it curve locally (with profiles and extensions that correspond to the Dark and Visible InfoStructures, such as the halos that constitute the cosmic web and the particles of ordinary matter)? What makes Time move away from the dynamic equilibrium that we call Absolute Vacuum, to which the condition of Emptyness corresponds (no Structure, only spatial fluctuations with resonance at the Planck scale, whose temporal distributions are homogeneous). Time is curved (both in a positive / accelerated sense -> Dark Energy, and negatively / slowed down -> Mass, compared to the universal mean or relative to the mean of a portion of Space that includes this curvature) by the turbulent dynamics (spontaneous dynamics of Field and interactions between systems of Structures) and organized (the InfoStructures precisely).
Time Warp (or in a broader sense, as they say) is Mass / Dark Energy. They are not just equivalent. They are the same thing!

In summary, the spontaneous dynamics of the Field produces what we observe as Space-time, infinite and unlimited, in Space and Time. In the absence of Structures, the Field is curved at scales around and below the Planck scale (spatial fluctuations) and flat at higher scales. In the presence of Structures (organization of correlations between the temporal distributions of the spatial fluctuations of the Field) at the scales of the InfoStructures of Visible Matter (massive particles) and at the larger scales of the Dark Structures, while Space is flat, Time is curved according to profiles and specific extensions and characteristics of the different Structures.

The interaction of the intensity of the Fundamental Force and the resistance to variation of the Elementary Field spontaneously produces a fluctuation of the Field itself, which we can represent as a fluctuation of spatial distances on an extremely small scale (Elementary Events). The distribution over time of these spatial fluctuations, of these Elementary Events, represents the intensity of the Elementary Action, in the Mode / Component that we call Perturbation. The correlation in Space of these temporal distributions of spatial fluctuations (non-uniform distribution -> gradient) represents Information / Energy, Structure, Form. Conversely, Vortex-type Structures are the only structures that can maintain a specific portion of the Field in the aforementioned condition (non-homogeneous spatial correlation of temporal distributions of spatial fluctuations), according to a profile / shape characteristic and specific for the various types of InfoStructures equipped with Mass (positive and negative).

What does it means that '''a Structure of Information (a Wave or a Vortex, a Particle, a Dark Halo, etc.) occupies a portion, a volume of the Elementary Field?''' 

It means that the correlation scheme (Information / Energy, that which gives Structure, which represents the Form) between the distributions overlaps with the dynamics of the Field, interacting with it, and the resulting dynamics "supports" the InfoStructure (Dark or Visible) that it propagates in the Field itself, occupying a portion, a volume, virtually infinite, but in fact finite, due to the Indeterminacy and the specific profile of the vortex structures.

While Wave-type InfoStructures (e.g. electromagnetic waves / photons), having zero Perturbation value (therefore no temporal curvature, no Mass / Dark Energy, etc.), can coexist and interpenetrate in the same portion of the Field, of Space-time , Vortex-type Structures cannot coexist in the same volume at the same Time, and therefore cannot interpenetrate.

This is true, but only at the same density, or at close densities (impenetrability). Lightly dense structures (very modest temporal curvature), such as dark matter halos which represent the dark part of galaxies, can contain the InfoStructures of Visible Matter (e.g. nucleons and electrons which make up atoms, molecules, gases, compounds, dust, rocks, planets and stars).

Better said, the portion (immense volume) of the Field which at a certain moment supports the Dark InfoStructure which corresponds to the Dark Matter halo of the aforementioned galaxy, in sub-portions (extremely smaller volumes) of the same immense portion can host the Visible InfoStructures which correspond to the particles that make up nuclei, atoms, molecules, gases, etc. This is essentially a generalization at the level of the Elementary Field, of the InfoStructures in Space-time, of the Pauli exclusion principle, which applies to fermions, particles with mass, as well as various quantum numbers. In the generalization that I propose here, this impenetrability between Vortex-type InfoStructures characterized by comparable, similar Mass densities (of Perturbation, correlation between the intensities of the temporal distributions of spatial fluctuations, etc.). Two dark galactic halos of comparable density will not be able to occupy the same portion of the field at the same time. If forced, the two halos, in the immense times characteristic of cosmic dynamics, will have to merge into a denser halo with a shape resulting from the complex dynamics of the collision/fusion. The parts of visible matter, galactic center, black holes, stars, dust, gas, etc. they will experience largely different dynamics, even if in some way linked to the transformative dynamics of the fusion of the dark parts.

But the portions of the Field that support/host the less dense, more rarefied dark halos, which represent the dark structures of the clusters of galaxies, in their turbulent dynamics of immense dimensions, can

The aforementioned portions of the Field that support InfoStructures are not fixed. In the Universe everything is in incessant movement, the InfoStructures are in incessant propagation in the Field, therefore the occupying portions vary over Time. In the case of dark structures, cosmic structures, very slowly, overall, even as each point of the structure moves incessantly to a different event point in the Field. In the case of Particles of Visible Matter, the (continuous!) movement between adjacent portions can occur extremely rapidly, at speeds that can asymptoticly approach the limit speed of propagation of Causality / Information / Energy / etc. -> speed of light (as experienced in colliders, for example, or for cosmic rays, or the electromagnetic radiation that incessantly propagates in the Universe at the maximum possible speed at each point in Space at each instant in Time).

- INCLUDE IMAGE - POT AND EFF ENERGY - ST -


'''Properties'''

In some way, even Space-time, Space and Time (especially Time, which, unlike Space, shows significant curvatures from the dimensional scales of subatomic particles up to immense cosmic structures) are '''emergent phenomena produced by the dynamics of the Elementary Field''', from the spatial relations (correlations) of the temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations. Space and Time must also be seen as a Derived Field, Space and Time as physical quantities, such as Mass, Motion, etc. And like all the Derived Fields (specific views of the Elementary Field) and the physical quantities that arise from their peculiar Phenomena (the physical quantities that characterize the Derived Fields and the InfoStructures that can be observed and measured in them) '''they can only be observed, measured in a relative sense''', in the Elementary Field it is impossible to establish absolute reference points and it is by nature dominated by uncertainty and indeterminacy at scales around and below the Planck scale.

*'''From the point of view "of" Elementary Field''':
**'''Space-time total extension''': infinite and unlimited in space and eternal in time (in the past and in the future). What does it means that '''Space-time is infinite and eternal'''? It means that, being a particular view of the Elementary Field focused on the Component of the Elementary Action that we call Perturbation, it inherits the characteristics and properties of the Field itself, including infinity and limitlessness. The Primary Source of Reality has no limits except in the causal intensity of the Fundamental Force and in the resistance to variations of the Field, which is intrinsically infinite and unlimited in the two variational dimensions, Spatiality and Temporality. No beginning, no end.
**'''Spatial flatness / curvature''': we assume that Space is positively and negatively curved around the Planck scale and smaller scales, but flat at the Waves / Particles and higher scales, up to the Universe in its infinite spatial extension (as small-scale local differences in the temporal distributions of spatial fluctuations compensate over increasingly large portions/volumes in the Elementary Field).
**'''Temporal flatness / curvature''':  we assume that Time is positively and negatively curved around the Planck scale and the smaller scales, and positively / negatively curved at the Waves / Particles scales, up to the higher scales of the cosmological structures. The temporal curvature at the scales of both Dark and Visible Infostructures represent Mass in its negative form, which is normally called Mass, and the positive one, which is normally called Dark Energy.

*'''From the point of view of InfoStructures "in" the Elementary Field''':
**'''Spatial position of an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field''': neglecting the contribution of the indeterminacy in the distributions of elementary fluctuations which makes it impossible to completely and completely localize in Space a Structure of Information, even the least spatially extended, to any InfoStructure it is impossible to attribute any absolute spatial position, since in the Elementary Field there are no absolute spatial reference points, nor can they be created. To measure position and spatial distances we can only use InfoStructures (e.g. photons / e.m. radiation, or massive particles), but these are in constant movement in the Field, so they cannot constitute absolute reference points. We can only measure relative spatial positions and distances of one or more InfoStructures with respect to one or more other Structures. We repeat, within the limits of the intrinsic uncertainty in the natural and incessant elementary fluctuations of spatial distances (Elementary Events) in their temporal distributions.
**'''Spatial distance of two or more Structures''': we continue with what was already said in the point above relating to the spatial position of an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field. Since there are no absolute reference points, it is not possible to determine even the absolute spatial distance between two or more Structures (of the Wave or Vortex, or Mixed type), but only distances relative to "sample" distances, taken as reference.
**'''Spatial extension of a Structure''': for the same considerations, it is not possible to determine even the absolute spatial extension of a Structure (of the Wave or Vortex, or Mixed type), but only extensions relative to extensions of "sample" InfoStructures (e.g. . spatial extension of a Wave cycle / energy of a specific photon), Furthermore, the extensions of the InfoStructures depend on the configuration of the Elementary Field in the portion containing the Structure under examination, on the dynamics of the Structure (inertial velocity, acceleration) on the interactions with Adjacent structures (e.g. compression of an electron in the atomic electron cloud, compression of a galactic halo in a particularly crowded cluster environment, or during a collision with other haloes), etc.
**'''Temporal position of a Event''': here too, neglecting the contribution of indeterminacy in the temporal distributions of the elementary fluctuations, '''it is impossible to attribute an absolute temporal position to every Event that occurs on an InfoStructure''', since in the Elementary Field no reference points (instants and intervals) exist, nor can they be created. Basically these event point clocks measure the density of Elementary Events, the punctual and instantaneous speed of elementary spatial fluctuations. In more practical terms, there is no universal clock, but each event point of the Elementary Field (which we cannot observe or measure, moreover) has its own personal clock which proceeds at a peculiar and different pace from those of the other event points (stochastic independence of the distributions of elementary fluctuations), different density of Elementary Events. '''In the unstructured Field''' (absolutely homogeneous, homogeneity of the distributions of elementary fluctuations) all these event point clocks are independent, their time flows at different rhythms distributed around a universal mean value, which depends on the intensity of the Fundamental Force acting on the Elementary Field and its resistance to the variation of spatial distances at infinitesimal distances. '''In the structured  field''' (non-homogeneous), groups of event point clocks in more or less spatially extended portions, with distribution profiles that are partly turbulent and partly characteristic of the different types of Structures, which support the InfoStructures present, show more or less intense correlations in the rhythm of the Time they measure. And, as mentioned several times, these patterns of correlation, the  profiles of distribution of temporal rhythms, represent the temporal curvature of Space-time and the Mass of the aforementioned InfoStructures (the Mass density profiles, to be precise). Time curvature and Mass are the same thing. In the next section dedicated to Mass and gravitational phenomena we will see the same thing from the point of view of Mass and make similar/same considerations.
**'''Temporal distance of two or more Events (duration)''': we continue with what has already been said in the previous point relating to the temporal position of an Event. Since there are no absolute reference points, it is not possible to determine even the absolute temporal distance between two or more Events, but only distances relative to "sample" Events, with "relative clocks" (clock made of InfoStrctures, like atomic clocks), taken as references.
**'''Temporal extension (duration) of an event that occurs at an InfoStructure''': same considerations expressed in the previous point "Temporal distance of two or more Events (duration)", it is not possible to determine any absolute temporal extension , no absolute duration. Only relative durations, measured with reference to relative clocks, clocks composed of InfoStructures. The event point clocks are not accessible and are influenced by the natural indeterminacy that underlies the very existence of the Elementary Field, and its manifestations, Space and Time, Mass, etc.


'''Phenomena and Dynamics'''

For all that we have said, it is evident that the metric phenomena and the dynamics of Space-time expressly concern fundamental properties of Physical Reality: the Geometry of the physical world, of the deformations that represent its content and the physical quantities involved, the propagation of such deformations and their temporal (time dilation) and spatial (contraction of length) meaning for the InfoStructures that populate the Universe and that make us up. 

Here too, '''to understand phenomena and dynamics, we must observe Reality from two complementary points of view''', that of "the" Field which, from being unstructured, homogeneous in the temporal distributions of elementary spatial fluctuations, gradually evolves towards increasingly complex levels of organization, where deformations and inhomogneneity become increasingly fragmented and nested, and that of the Structures, which "in" the Field emerge and evolve, aggregating into increasingly complex Forms, up to the infinite Universe as a whole.

A necessary reminder. When we talk about the curvature of Space-time, Mass / Dark Energy, etc. we are always observing the Elementary Field in the Component of the Elementary Action that we call Perturbation (intensity / shape of the distributions of the elementary fluctuations, density of the Elementary Events) and when we refer to the InfoStructures that represent the deformations, the inhomogeneities, it is always of the Perturbation Component of which we're talking about.

*'''Geometry''': the Geometry of the Elementary Field depends on its dynamics, on the InfoStructures that emerge and evolve in it, on the dynamics of these same Structures. It is both the form of the Spacetime and the form of the distribution of Structures in the Field, of their mutual positions, of the incessant transformations that the evolution of Physical Reality produces. We reiterate that Geometry "of" Space-time and Mass of InfoStructures "in" the Field are the same thing. There is no causal connection between the two (unlike what is expressed by conventional physics: Mass of Matter as a source of curvature of Spacetime, "Matter says Spacetime how to curve and Spacetime says Matter how to move"), as they coincide from all points of view: ontological, phenomenological and dynamic. Space-time geometry of Elementary Field, or better its Temporal geometry, coincides with / is the distribution of Mass and Dark Energy in the Universe, both expressions being the manifestation of the distribution of Perturbation. 
*'''(Local) deformation of geometry of flat Space-time (of Time essentially)''': the formation or the propagation of a Structure of Information in the Field, from the point of view of the Field, as seen, is the deformation of the Field itself . The departure of the Field from its natural (almost) homogeneity, or the further deformation if other Structures were already present in the Field. This is most noticeable in the case of a structured field in the form of Vortex / Halo type InfoStructures, Dark scope, therefore extended Structures with low density of deformation / inhomogeneity, or, in other words, low density of Mass / Dark Energy, essentially a halo of Dark Matter with its characteristic weakly repulsive Dark Energy boundary. If we imagine that in the volume occupied by this large Structure, which could be the Dark part of a galaxy, a photon of great energy, e.g. a gamma photon, interacting with a spontaneous ripple of the Elementary Field, produced an electron / positron pair, suddenly from the point of view of the Field we would see a transformation of a Wave-type InfoStructure and of a ripple in the normal turbulence of the Field itself into a pair of Vortex / Particle type infostructures, under Elementary type, Visible scope, rapidly moving away from each other. Therefore two Visible Vortex Structures, with medium-high mass density, propagating in the portion of the Field occupied by a Dark Vortex Structure, with their respective natural turbulences deriving from the dynamics of the Field and the dynamics of the Structures themselves. And all these deformations / inhomogeneities and their transformations, which we describe by talking about mass density, positive and negative, are, at the same time, deformations / inhomogeneities of the Space-time, or better yet of the temporal profile of the Elementary Field, due to the particular correlation scheme of the distributions of the elementary fluctuations of the InfoStructures that we have imagined in this example.
*'''Propagation (Translations and Rotations) of the (local) deformation / inhomogeneity of Space-Time (of Time)''': as mentioned in the previous point, the propagation in the Field of Vortex-type Structures, with Mass / temporal curvature, involves a continuous movement of the Perturbation profile (as well as the other Components of the Elementary Action that we will see in the next sections relating to Motion, Charge, Spin and Complex Derivative Forces / Fields), its interaction with the deformations of the Field that represent the other Structures present in it , and with the spontaneous turbulence of the natural dynamics of the Field (indeterminacy). But we will talk about this in more detail in the "Motion and kinetic phenomena" section.
*'''Time dilation''': we have talked several times about the deformation of the geometry of Space-time, of Time in particular, especially from the point of view of the Elementary Field. Now let's see what this means from the InfoStructures point of view. An InfoStructure, each of its portions, each point supported / hosted by a portion, by each event point of the Field, interacts with the dynamics of the Field, with the deformations represented by other Structures, therefore with the scheme (complex, in the case of a configuration structure of InfoStructures all present or interacting with the volume considered) of the correlations between the distributions of the elementary fluctuations. Therefore, different portions, different points, of the same InfoStructure will evolve at different temporal rhythms, will experience the analogue of "tidal forces" which will deform them, both from a spatial and temporal point of view. Particularly from a temporal point of view, we could witness a kind of slowdown in the life / evolution of the Structure we are talking about, as the whole structure or a part of it, or with a gradient profile, etc. will be supported by event points or portions of the Field where Time flows slower or faster than the local or universal average pace. It is a complex behavior / interaction between Structures and structured Field, Structure Perturbation profile and Field Perturbation profile, with the respective turbulences, indeterminacies, which make everything more complex. We could say that the phenomena go more or less as we expect (deterministic behavior), on a dynamic equilibrium strongly characterized by turbulence and chaotic / indeterminate / uncertain behavior (quantum behavior), all the more relevant the closer the Structure is to small scales ( particles, up to the Planck scale and beyond into the infinitely small).
*'''Spatial contraction of lenghts''': the question of the spatial contraction of lengths is completely different from that of time dilation, even if in the relativistic context the two topics appear strongly connected. This is because in the relativistic context it is Space-time (Space+Time) as a whole that curves, while in the hypotheses that we have proposed in this work, at the dimensional scales of Particles or even larger, Space is flat, and it is Time that is object of curvature, and with it the speed of propagation in the Elementary Field of causality, etc. Therefore, in this context the causes of the spatial contraction of lengths are to be found not in the deformations of the Field, but in the deformations of the Structures, in particular of the massive Particles that make up the Visible Matter (electrons, protons and neutrons and their quarks, mesons, etc.), in response to the variation of their speeds (inertia). Given their vortex nature, we can only expect a reduction in their spatial extension, in the volume of occupied field, which is accompanied by the increase in mass, as predicted by the very famous relativistic equation that links energy to mass. Greater mass density, smaller spatial extension, greater time dilation, greater lifespan. As the speed increases, the Vortices / Particles naturally contract. It increases the linear momentum and at the same time the angular one, with a contraction of the radius of the Vortex. That with an increase in mass density the spatial dimensions of objects contract we not only see it for particles, where the cross section decreases, but we also see it at a macroscopic level, for example in the collapse of black holes, where we expect to find a contraction of the radius accompanied by a greater rotation speed.

== See also ==
*[[TFNR - Physical quantities and phenomena in the structured Field]]
*[[TFNR - Mass and gravitational phenomena]]
*[[TFNR - Motion and kinetic phenomena]]
*[[TFNR - Charge and electric phenomena]]
*[[TFNR - Spin and magnetic phenomena]]


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